arium, chikamu 56 chetafura ye periodic.
Barium hydroxide, barium chloride, barium sulfate… mareagents akajairika mumabhuku echikoro chesekondari. Muna 1602, veWestern alchemists vakawana dombo reBologna (rinonziwo "sunstone") rinogona kuburitsa chiedza. Rudzi urwu rweore rune makristasi madiki anopenya, ayo anoramba achiburitsa mwenje mushure mekuratidzwa nechiedza chezuva. Aya maitiro akafadza masvikiro uye alchemists. Muna 1612, musayendisiti Julio Cesare Lagara akabudisa bhuku rinonzi "De Phenomenis muOrbe Lunae", iro rakanyora chikonzero chekupenya kwebwe reBologna sezvakatorwa kubva muchikamu chayo chikuru, barite (BaSO4). Zvisinei, muna 2012, mishumo yakaratidza kuti chikonzero chechokwadi chebwe reBologna luminescence rakabva ku barium sulfide yakagadzirwa ne-monovalent uye divalent copper ions. Muna 1774, nyanzvi yekemisitiri yekuSweden Scheler akawana barium oxide ndokuitumidza se "Baryta" (pasi rinorema), asi barium yesimbi haina kumbowanikwa. Yakanga isiri kusvika 1808 apo nyanzvi yemakemikari yeBritish David akawana simbi yakaderera kubva kubharite kuburikidza ne electrolysis, iyo yaiva barium. Yakazotumidzwa zita rechiGiriki barys (inorema) uye yekutanga chiratidzo Ba. Zita reChinese rekuti “Ba” rinobva muduramazwi reKangxi, zvichireva simbi yemhangura isina kunyungudutswa.
Barium simbiinoshanda zvakanyanya uye inopindirana nyore nemhepo nemvura. Inogona kushandiswa kubvisa trace gasi mumachubhu evacuum uye machubhu emifananidzo, pamwe nekugadzira alloys, fireworks uye nuclear reactors. Muna 1938, masayendisiti akawana barium pavakadzidza zvigadzirwa mushure mekubhomba uranium nemanyutroni anononoka, uye vakafungidzira kuti barium inofanira kuva imwe yezvigadzirwa zveuranium nuclear fission. Pasinei nezvakawanda zvakawanikwa pamusoro pesimbi barium, vanhu vachiri kushandisa barium compounds kakawanda.
Mushonga wekutanga wakashandiswa waiva barite - barium sulfate. Tinogona kuzviwana mune zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvinhu, zvakadai semavara machena mupepa remifananidzo, pendi, mapurasitiki, majasi emotokari, kongiri, simenti inodzivirira nemwaranzi, kurapwa, nezvimwewo. Kunyanya munharaunda yezvokurapa, barium sulfate ndiyo "barium meal" isu. kudya panguva gastroscopy. Barium meal “- hupfu huchena husina hwema uye husina kunaka, husinganyunguriki mumvura nemafuta, uye husingabatiki nemudumbu mucosa, kana kukanganiswa neacid yemudumbu nezvimwe zvinwiwa zvemuviri. Nekuda kwehukuru hweatomic coefficient yebarium, inogona kugadzira photoelectric effect neX-ray, inopenya hunhu X-ray, uye kuumba mhute pafirimu mushure mekupfuura nemumatishu evanhu. Inogona kushandiswa kunatsiridza kusiyana kwekuratidzira, kuitira kuti nhengo kana matishu ane uye asina mutsauko mumiririri anogona kuratidza akasiyana dema uye chena musiyano pane firimu, kuitira kuti uwane iyo yekuongorora mhedzisiro, uye inonyatso kuratidza pathological shanduko munhengo yemunhu. Barium haisi chinhu chakakosha kuvanhu, uye insoluble barium sulfate inoshandiswa mukudya kwebharium, saka haizove nemigumisiro inokosha pamuviri womunhu.
Asi imwe yakajairika barium mineral, barium carbonate, yakasiyana. Nezita rayo chete, munhu anogona kutaura kukuvadza kwayo. Musiyano wakakosha pakati payo nebarium sulfate ndewekuti inonyungudika mumvura uye asidhi, ichigadzira mamwe maion barium, zvichiita kuti hypokalemia. Acute barium salt poisoning haiwanzoitiki, kazhinji inokonzerwa nekupinzwa netsaona kwesoluble barium salts. Zviratidzo zvacho zvakafanana neacute gastroenteritis, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuti uende kuchipatara kunogezwa gastric lavage kana kutora sodium sulfate kana sodium thiosulfate yekubvisa huturu. Mimwe miti ine basa rekutora uye kuunganidza barium, yakadai segirini algae, inoda kuti barium ikure zvakanaka; Nzungu dzeBrazil dzinewo 1% barium, saka zvakakosha kudzipedza zvine mwero. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuoma kuchiri kuita basa rinokosha mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari. Icho chikamu che glaze. Kana yakabatanidzwa nemamwe maokisi, inogonawo kuratidza ruvara rwakasiyana, runoshandiswa sechinhu chekubatsira mumachira e ceramic uye girazi remaziso.
Iyo kemikari endothermic reaction experiment inowanzoitwa nebarium hydroxide: mushure mekusanganisa iyo yakasimba barium hydroxide neammonium munyu, simba rekupedzisira endothermic rinogona kuitika. Kana madonhwe mashomanana emvura akadonhedzwa pasi pemudziyo, chando chinoumbwa nemvura chinogona kuonekwa, uye kunyange zvidimbu zvegirazi zvinogona kuoma nechando uye zvakanamatira pasi pemudziyo. Barium hydroxide ine alkalinity yakasimba uye inoshandiswa sechigadziriso chekugadzira phenolic resins. Inogona kuparadzanisa uye kupinza sulfate ions uye kugadzira barium munyu. Mukutaura kwekuongorora, kugadziriswa kwekabhoni dhaidhi yemukati mumhepo uye kuongororwa kwehuwandu hweklorophyll inoda kushandiswa kwebarium hydroxide. Mukugadzirwa kwemunyu webarium, vanhu vakagadzira chishandiso chinonakidza: kudzoreredzwa kwemurals mushure memafashama muFlorence muna 1966 kwakapedzwa nekuita nayo negypsum (calcium sulfate) kugadzira barium sulfate.
Imwe barium ine macompounds inoratidzawo zvinoshamisa zvinhu, zvakadai se photorefractive properties ye barium titanate; Iyo yepamusoro-tembiricha superconductivity yeYBa2Cu3O7, pamwe neinodiwa girinhi ruvara rwebarium munyu mune fireworks, zvese zvave zvakanakisa zvebarium zvinhu.
Nguva yekutumira: May-26-2023