Vanhu vazhinji vangangove havazive zvakawanda nezve isingawanzo pasi, uye havazive kuti isingawanikwe sei pasi rave zano rekushandisa rinofananidzwa neoiri.
Kutaura zviri nyore, zvisingawanzo pasi iboka rezvakajairwa simbi zvinhu, izvo zvakakosha zvakanyanya, kwete chete nekuti matura avo mashoma, asingadzokerike, akaoma kupatsanura, kuchenesa uye kugadzirisa, asiwo nekuti anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima, indasitiri, mauto uye mamwe maindasitiri, inova tsigiro yakakosha mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvitsva uye yakakosha sosi ine chekuita nekuvandudza tekinoroji yekudzivirira yenyika.
Rare Earth Mine (Kwakabva: Xinhuanet)
Muindasitiri, nyika isingawanzo "vhitamini". Inoita basa risingadzokerike muminda yezvinhu zvakaita sefluorescence, magnetism, laser, optical fiber communication, hydrogen storage energy, superconductivity, etc. Hazvibviri kutsiva ivhu risingawanikwe kunze kwekunge paine tekinoroji yakakwirira zvakanyanya.
-Muchiuto, nyika isingawanzo "musimboti". Parizvino, pasi risingawanzovepo mune dzinenge dzese zvombo zvepamusoro-soro, uye zvinhu zvisingawanzo pasi zvinowanzowanikwa pakati pezvombo zvehunyanzvi hwepamusoro. Semuyenzaniso, chipotsera chePatriot muUnited States chakashandisa magineti esamarium cobalt anosvika makirogiramu matatu neodymium iron boron magineti muhurongwa hwayo hwemaerekitironi danda rinotarisa kunyatsobata zvinokandwa zvinokandwa. Mumwe aichimbova mukuru mukuru weuto reUnited States akatoti: “Manenji ehondo anoshamisa muHondo yeGulf uye kukwanisa kudzora kusingaenzaniswi kweUnited States muhondo dzomunzvimbomo pashure peHondo Yemashoko, neimwe nzira, ipasi risingawanzoitiki rakaita kuti zvose izvi zviitike.
F-22 murwi (Kwakabva: Baidu Encyclopedia)
—— Nyika dzisingawanzoitiki dziri “kwose kwose” muupenyu. Sikirini yenharembozha yedu, LED, komputa, kamera yedhijitari… Ndeipi isingashandisi zvinhu zvepasi zvisingawanzo?
Zvinonzi huna hutsva hwokugadzira zvinhu hunooneka munyika yanhasi, humwe hwahwo hunofanira kuva nechokuita nepasi risingawanzoitiki!
Nyika ingadai yakaita sei pasina nyika isingawanzoitiki?
The Wall Street Journal of the United States musi waSeptember 28, 2009 yakapindura mubvunzo uyu-pasina nyika isingawanzoitiki, hatingazove neTV screens, computer hard disks, fiber optic cables, digital cameras uye mishonga yakawanda yekufungidzira yezvokurapa. Rare Earth chinhu chinoumba magineti ane simba. Vanhu vashomanana vanoziva kuti magineti ane simba ndiwo anonyanya kukosha mune zvose missile orientation systems mu US defense stocks.Pasina nyika isingawanzoitiki, unofanirwa kutaurira nzvimbo yekuvhurwa uye satellite, uye pasi rose refining system icharega kushanda. Rare Earth inzvimbo inokosha iyo vanhu vachanyanya kufunga nezvayo mune ramangwana.
Mutsara wekuti "kune oiri kuMiddle East uye nyika isingawanzo kuChina" inoratidza mamiriro ezviwanikwa zvepasi zveChina zvisingawanzo.
Tichitarisa mufananidzo, nzvimbo dzakachengetwa dzezvimbambaira zvisingawanzoitiki muChina dziri kungo“kwira huruva” munyika. Muna 2015, matura epasi eChina asingawanzo mamirioni makumi mashanu neshanu, achiverengera 42.3% yenzvimbo dzese dzepasirese, inova yekutanga pasirese. China ndiyo chete nyika inogona kupa marudzi ese gumi nemanomwe emasimbi epasi, kunyanya anorema zvisingawanzo pasi ane basa rakatanhamara rekushandisa muchiuto, uye China ine mugove wakakura.Baiyun Obo Mine muChina ndiyo migodhi mikuru isingawanzoitiki pasi rose, inoverengera kupfuura 90% yezviwanikwa zvepasi risingawanzo kuwanikwa muChina. Ndichienzanisa neChina ine masimba ega ega mundima iyi, ndinotya kuti kunyange Sangano rePetroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), iro rine chikamu che69% chekutengeswa kwemafuta pasi rose, richachema.
(NA inoreva kuti hapana goho, K inoreva kuti goho idiki uye rinogona kufuratirwa. Source: American Statistical Network)
Nzvimbo dzakachengetwa uye kubuda kwezvimbambaira zvisingawanzo kuChina hazvina kuenderana. Kubva pamufananidzo uri pamusoro, kunyangwe China ine yakakwirira isingawanzo chengetedzo yepasi, iri kure nekuve "yakasarudzika". Zvakadaro, muna 2015, kuburitswa kwezvicherwa zvepasi rose kwakave 120,000 matani, iyo China yakapa matani zana nemazana mashanu, inoverengera 87.5% yepasi rose.
Pasi pemamiriro ekuongorora kusina kukwana, pasi rose riripo pasi rose rinogona kucherwa kwemakore anoda kusvika 1,000, izvo zvinoreva kuti nyika isingawanzowaniki haisi shoma munyika. Kurudziro yeChina papasi rose isingawanzo kutariswa zvakanyanya pane zvinobuda pane zvakachengetwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-04-2022