Erbium, iyo 68th chinhu mufurafura yemapato.
Kuwanikwa kweerbiumizere nemabhuru uye anotendeuka. Muna 1787, mutaundi diki reChinyorwa, 1,6 makiromita, pasi pepasi idzva rakawanikwa mubedwe dema, anonzi Yttrium Pasi Pokuwanikwa. Mushure mekuchinja kweFrench, Chemist Mossander akashandisa tekinoroji ichangobva kugadzirwa kuti ideredze Elementalytriumkubva kuYttrium Pasi. Panguva ino, vanhu vakaziva kuti Yttttrium Pasi haisi "chikamu chimwe chete" uye akawana imwe mimwe mimwe yemhando mbiri: iyo pink imwe inonzierbium oxide, uye chiedza chepepuru chinonzi terbium oxide. Muna 1843, Messander akawana erbium uyeterbium, asi haana kutenda kuti zvinhu zviviri zvakawanikwa zvaive zvakachena uye zvinogona kusanganiswa nezvimwe zvinhu. Mumakumi emakore anotevera, vanhu zvishoma nezvishoma vakaona kuti pakanga paine zvinhu zvakawanda zvakavhenganiswa mazviri, uye zvishoma nezvishoma ndakawana zvimwe zvinhu zveLannades Simbi kunze kweErbium uye terbium.
Kudzidza kweErbium kwaive kusiri kutsvedza sekuwanikwa kwawo. Kunyangwe maussand yakawanikwa pink erbium oxide muna 1843, yakanga isiri kusvika 1934 iyo yakachena samples yeerbius simbiyakabviswa nekuda kwekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza nzira yekuzvinatsa. Nekudziya nekuchenesaerbium chlorideUye potassium, vanhu vakawana kuderedzwa kweErbium nesimbi potassium. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, zvivakwa zveErbium zvakafanana nezvimwe zvinhu zveMwenje zvesimbi, zvichikonzera makore anoda kusvika makumi mashanu ekuzadzisa mukutsvagisisa kwakabatana, kwakadai seMagnetism, kureruka simba, uye chizvarwa chakasangana. Kusvika 1959, nekushandiswa kweiyo yakakosha 4F denderedzwa mamiriro eErbium maatomu mumashure minda, erbium yakawana kutarisisa uye akawanda mafomuum erbium akagadzirwa.
Erbium, sirivha chena, ine ruvara runyoro uye runyorwa chete ratidziro yakasimba ferromagnetism pedyo ne zero zero. Iyo ndiyo superconductor uye iri zvishoma nezvishoma oxidized nemhepo nemvura pamhepo tembiricha.Erbium oxideIro ruva red ruvara rinowanzoshandiswa muindasitiri yeporesenti uye iri yakanaka glaze. Erbium inoomeswa mumatombo eplocanic uye ine yakakura-chiyero mineral deposits kumaodzanyemba kweChina.
Erbium ane zvakaringana optical zvivakwa uye zvinogona kushandura infrared mumwenje unooneka, uchiita kuti zvinhu zvakakwana zvekuita zvishandiso zvinoonekwa uye zvishandiso zvehusiku. Iyo zvakare chishandiso chine hunyanzvi muPhoton kuongororwa, zvinokwanisa kuenderera mberi nekutora maficha kuburikidza neyechokwadi ion inonakidza matanho mune yakasimba, uye wozoona uye kuverenga mafoto aya kugadzira phonton. Nekudaro, kugona kwekunyora zvakananga kwekunyorwa kwemapikicha neThekutatu trevalent erbium ion yakanga isina kukwirira. Yakanga isiri kusvika 1966 iyo masayendisiti akagadzira erbium lasers nekutakura zvisina kukodzera masaini kuburikidza neAuxiliary ion uye anobva atamisa simba kuErbium.
Iyo nheyo ye erium laser yakafanana neiyo yeHolmium laser, asi simba rayo rakaderera kupfuura iro re holmemium laser. Erbium laser ine wavelength of 2940 nanometers inogona kushandiswa kucheka zvinyoro nyoro. Kunyangwe iyi mhando yeLaser muMids Infrared Dunhu rine kugona kwehurombo Inogona kutemwa zvakanaka, gaya, uye bvisa zvinyoro nyoro, kuita nekukurumidza kurwadza kupora. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muLaser kuvhiya kwakadai seemuromo, chena catAract, runako, runako kubviswa, uye kugumburwa.
Muna 1985, iyo yunivhesiti yeSouthampton muUK uye NorthEast University muJapan zvakabudirira kugadzira erbium-yakarongedzwa fiber amplifier. Mazuva ano, Wuhan Optics Valley muWuub, Hubei Province, china inokwanisa kuzvimiririra ichi erbium-ervium fiber uye kuendesa kuNorth America, Europe, nedzimwe nzvimbo. Ichi chishandiso ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakura kwazvo mukukurukurirana kwepfungwa, chero bedzi chimwe chikamu cheErbium chakaitwa, chinogona kudzorera kurasikirwa kwezviratidzo zvekutaurirana. Iyi amplifier iripo parizvino yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mudziyo mune fiber optic yekutaurirana, inokwanisa kutapurirana chiratidzo chemagetsi pasina kushaya simba.
Kutumira Nguva: Aug-16-2023