Matanho mana makuru ekushandisa ezvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi mumotokari dzesimba idzva

Mumakore achangopfuura, mazwi anoti "zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi", "motokari itsva dzemagetsi", uye "kuvandudzwa kwakabatanidzwa" zvave zvichionekwa kakawanda munhau. Sei? Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekuwedzera kutarisisa kwakabhadharwa nenyika mukusimudzira kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye maindasitiri ekuchengetedza simba, uye hukuru hwekugona kubatanidzwa nekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvisingawanzo pasi mumunda wemotokari dzemagetsi matsva. Ndeapi mana makuru ekushandisa mafaera ezvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi mumotokari dzesimba idzva?

△ Rare pasi isingaperi magineti mota

I

Rare pasi pechigarire magineti mota

Rare Earth isingaperi magineti mota imhando nyowani yekusingaperi magineti mota yakabuda mukutanga 1970s. Nheyo yekushanda kwayo yakangofanana neyemagetsi anonakidza synchronous mota, kunze kwekunge iyo yekutanga inoshandisa magineti isingaperi kutsiva iyo excitation winding for excitation. Kuenzaniswa neachinyakare emagetsi ekusimudzira mota, isingawanzo pasi isingaperi magineti mota dzine zvakakosha senge chimiro chakareruka, mashandiro akavimbika, saizi diki, huremu huremu, kurasikirwa kwakaderera, uye kugona kwakanyanya. Uyezve, chimiro uye saizi yemota inogona kugadzirwa zviri nyore, izvo zvinoita kuti ikosheswe mumunda wemotokari nyowani dzesimba. Kashoma pasi pekugara magineti mota mumotokari dzinonyanya kushandura simba remagetsi ebhatiri remagetsi kuita magetsi emagetsi, kutyaira injini inobhururuka kutenderera uye kutanga injini.
II

Rare pasi simba bhatiri

Zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvepasi hazvingoite chete kutora chikamu mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi emazuva ano emagetsi emabhatiri e-lithium, asiwo anoshanda semidziyo yekugadzira maelectrode akanaka ebhatiri reLead-acid kana Nickel-metal hydride bhatiri.

Lithium bhatiri: Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwezvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi, kugadzikana kwechimiro chechinhu chacho kunovimbiswa zvakanyanya, uye matatu-dimensional chiteshi cheiyo inoshanda lithium ion kutama inowedzerwawo kune imwe nhanho. Izvi zvinoita kuti bhatiri rakagadzirirwa lithium-ion rive nekugadzikana kwekuchaja, electrochemical cycling reversibility, uye hupenyu hurefu hwekutenderera.

Lead acid bhatiri: tsvakiridzo yemumba inoratidza kuti kuwedzera kwepasi risingawanzo kunobatsira kuvandudza simba rekusimba, kuomarara, kusagadzikana kwekuora uye kushanduka kweokisijeni Overpotential ye lead based alloy ye electrode plate. Kuwedzerwa kwepasi risingawanzo muchikamu chinoshanda kunogona kuderedza kusunungurwa kweokisijeni yakanaka, kuvandudza kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakanaka zvinoshanda, uye nokudaro kuvandudza kushanda uye hupenyu hwebasa rebhatiri.

Nickel-metal hydride bhatiri: Nickel-metal hydride bhatiri ine zvakanakira zvemhando yepamusoro, yakakwirira ikozvino, yakanaka yekuchajisa kuita, uye isina kusvibiswa, saka inonzi "girinhi bhatiri" uye rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari, zvemagetsi nezvimwe minda. Kuti ichengete yakanakisa yekumhanyisa-kumhanya kwebhatiri yeNickel-metal hydride uku ichidzivirira kuora kwehupenyu hwayo, patent yekuJapan JP2004127549 inozivisa kuti bhatiri cathode rinogona kuumbwa neisingawanzo pasi magnesium nickel based hydrogen storage alloy.

△ Motokari dzemagetsi matsva

III

Catalysts mune ternary catalytic converters

Sezvinozivikanwa, hadzisi dzese mota nyowani dzesimba dzinogona kuwana zero emissions, senge hybrid mota dzemagetsi uye dzinorongwa dzemagetsi mota, dzinoburitsa humwe huwandu hwehupfu panguva yekushandiswa. Kuti vaderedze kuburitsa kwepombi yemotokari yadzo, dzimwe mota dzinomanikidzwa kuisa matatu-nzira inoshandura maconverter pakubva mufekitori. Kana iyo yekupisa-yepamusoro yemotokari inopera ichipfuura, iwo matatu-nzira anoshandura anoshandura anosimudzira chiitiko cheCO, HC uye NOx muGo kuburikidza neyakavakirwa-mukati yekuchenesa mumiriri, kuitira kuti vakwanise kupedzisa Redox uye kugadzira asingakuvadzi magasi, ayo anobatsira. kudzivirira kwezvakatipoteredza.

Chinhu chikuru cheiyo ternary catalyst zvinhu zvisingawanzo pasi, izvo zvinoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza zvinhu, kutsiva zvimwe zvezvikuru zvinokonzeresa, uye kushanda secatalytic aids. Iyo pasi isingawanzo shandiswa muswe gasi rekuchenesa catalyst inonyanya musanganiswa wecerium oxide, praseodymium oxide uye Lanthanum oxide, iyo yakapfuma mune isingawanzo pasi zvicherwa muChina.

 
IV

Ceramic Zvishandiso muOxygen Sensors

Zvinhu zvisingawanzo pasi zvine mabasa ekuchengetedza okisijeni akasarudzika nekuda kwechimiro chazvo chemagetsi, uye anowanzo shandiswa mukugadzira zvinhu zveceramic zveokisijeni sensors mumajekiseni emagetsi emafuta, zvichikonzera kuita kurinani kwekuita. Iyo yemagetsi jekiseni jekiseni system ndeyepamberi peturu jekiseni mudziyo inotorwa nepeturu injini isina carburetor, inonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: air system, fuel system, uye control system.

Pamusoro peizvi, zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi zvakare zvine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa muzvikamu zvakaita semagiya, matai, uye simbi yemuviri. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti zvisingawanzo pasi zvinhu zvakakosha mumunda wemotokari dzemagetsi matsva.