Lanthanide
Lanthanide, lanthanid
Tsanangudzo: Elements 57 kusvika 71 mu periodic table. Izwi guru rezvikamu gumi neshanu kubva ku lanthanum kusvika ku lutetium. Inoratidzwa saLn. Iyo valence electron configuration ndeye 4f0 ~ 145d0 ~ 26s2, yemukati yekushandura chinhu;Lanthanumpasina 4f maerekitironi inobviswawo kubva kune lanthanide system.
Kuranga: Chemistry_ Inorganic chemistry_ Elements uye Inorganic chemistry
Mazwi anoenderana: hydrogen sponge Nickel-metal hydride bhatiri
Iro boka re 15 zvinhu zvakafanana pakati pe lanthanum uyelutetiummu periodic table inonzi Lanthanide. Lanthanum ndiyo chinhu chekutanga muLanthanide, ine Kemikari chiratidzo La uye Atomic nhamba 57. Lanthanum inyoro (inogona kutemwa zvakananga nebanga), ductile, uye sirivheri simbi chena iyo inorasikirwa zvishoma nezvishoma kupenya kwayo kana yaiswa mumhepo. Kunyange zvazvo lanthanum inorongedzerwa sechinhu chisingawanzwisisiki chepasi, chikamu chayo chiri mugomba chinosvika makumi maviri nemasere, inopeta katatu iyo yemutobvu. Lanthanum haina chepfu yakakosha kumuviri wemunhu, asi ine mamwe antibacterial chiitiko.
Mishonga yeLanthanum ine mashandisirwo akasiyana siyana uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumakatani, magirazi ekuwedzera, marambi ekabhoni arc mumarambi ekutora mafoto e studio kana mapurojekita, zvinhu zvinobatidza mumarambi nemazhenje, cathode ray machubhu, scintillator, GTAW electrodes, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshandiswa paNickel-metal hydride battery anode iLa (Ni3.6Mn0.4Al0.3Co0.7). Nekuda kwemutengo wakakwira wekubvisa imwe Lanthanide, pure lanthanum ichatsiviwa neyakasanganiswa isingawanzo simbi dzepasi dzine zvinopfuura 50% lanthanum. Hydrogen sponge alloys ine lanthanum, iyo inogona kuchengeta kusvika ku400 yakapetwa huwandu hwayo hwehydrogen panguva inodzoreredzwa adsorption uye kuburitsa kupisa simba. Naizvozvo, hydrogen sponge alloys inogona kushandiswa mumasisitimu ekuchengetedza simba.Lanthanum oxideuyeLanthanum hexaborideanoshandiswa sezvinopisa cathode zvinhu mu erekitironi vacuum chubhu. Iyo crystal yeLanthanum hexaboride inopenya yakakwira uye yehupenyu hurefu inopisa maerekitironi emission sosi yemaelectronic microscopes uye Hall-effect thruster.
Lanthanum trifluoride inoshandiswa se fluorescent rambi coating, yakasanganiswa neEuropium(III) fluoride,uye inoshandiswa sekristaro firimu refluoride ion selective electrode. Lanthanum trifluoride zvakare chikamu chakakosha chegirazi rinorema refluoride inonzi ZBLAN. Iyo ine yakanakisa transmittance mu infrared renji uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune optical fiber kutaurirana masisitimu. Cerium yakadonhaLanthanum(III) bromideuyeLanthanum (III) chloridevane zvimiro zvekubuda kwechiedza chepamusoro, optimal resolution yesimba uye nekukurumidza kupindura. Iwo inorganic Scintillator zvinhu, ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kushambadzira manyutroni uye γ A detector yemwaranzi. Girazi yakawedzerwa neLanthanum oxide ine yakakwira refractive index uye yakaderera kupararira, uye inogona zvakare kuvandudza alkali kuramba kwegirazi. Inogona kushandiswa kugadzira yakakosha girazi remaziso, senge infrared absorption girazi, kumakamera uye teresikopu lenzi. Kuwedzera shoma shoma ye lanthanum kune simbi kunogona kuvandudza kupikisa kwayo uye ductility, asi kuwedzera lanthanum kune molybdenum kunogona kuderedza kuoma kwayo uye kunzwa kune kuchinja kwekushisa. Lanthanum nemisanganiswa yakasiyana-siyana yezvimwe zvisingawanzoitiki zvinhu zvepasi (oxides, chlorides, etc.) zvikamu zvezvinokonzera zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakadai sekuputika maitiro ekugadzirisa.
Lanthanum carbonateinotenderwa semushonga. Apo hyperphosphatemia inoitika mukukundikana kwetsvo, kutora Lanthanum carbonate kunogona kudzora phosphate mu serum kuti isvike pane chinangwa. Lanthanum yakagadziridzwa bentonite inogona kubvisa phosphate mumvura kudzivirira Eutrophication yemvura yegungwa. Zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvakanatswa zvemadziva ekushambira zvine zvishoma zvelanthanum, izvo zvakare kubvisa phosphate uye kuderedza kukura kwealgae. Kufanana neHorseradish peroxidase, lanthanum inoshandiswa se electron dense tracer mu molecular biology.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-01-2023