Magical Rare Earth Element: Dysprosium

Dysprosium,chiratidzo Dy uye nhamba yeatomu 66. Ndiyo arare earth elementnesimbi inopenya. Dysprosium haina kumbobvira yawanikwa sechinhu chimwe chete mumasikirwo, kunyangwe iripo mumaminerari akasiyana seyttrium phosphate.

Kuwanda kwedysprosium mucrust ndeye 6ppm, iyo yakaderera pane iyo

yttriummune zvinorema zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi. Inofungidzirwa kuti inorema zvikuru

rare Earth element uye inopa yakanaka sosi hwaro hwekushandiswa kwayo.

Dysprosium muchimiro chayo chechisikigo inoumbwa nenomwe isotopes, ine yakawanda kwazvo iri 164 Dy.

Dysprosium yakatanga kuwanikwa naPaul Achilleck de Bospoland muna 1886, asi yakanga isati yasvika pakugadzirwa kweion exchange technology muma1950s iyo yakanga yaparadzaniswa zvachose. Dysprosium ine mashoma maapplication nekuti haigone kutsiviwa nemamwe makemikari zvinhu.

Soluble dysprosium salt ine huturu hushoma, nepo insoluble munyu ichionekwa seisina chepfu.

Discovering History

Akawanikwa na: L. Boisbaudran, French

Akawanikwa muna 1886 muFrance

Mushure mekunge Mossander aparadzanaerbiumnyika uyeterbiumPasi kubva ku yttrium pasi muna 1842, makemikari akawanda akashandisa spectral kuongorora kuona uye kuona kuti akanga asiri maokisidi akachena echinhu, izvo zvakakurudzira vemakemikari kuti varambe vachizviparadzanisa. Makore manomwe mushure mekuparadzaniswa kweholmium, muna 1886, Bouvabadrand akaikamura nepakati ndokuchengeta holmium, imwe yainzi dysprosium, ine chiratidzo chekutanga Dy. Iri izwi rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki rokuti dysprositos uye rinoreva 'zvakaoma kuwana'. Nekuwanikwa kwedysprosium uye zvimwe zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi, imwe hafu yechikamu chechitatu chekuwanikwa kwepasi chinhu chisingawanzo kuwanikwa chapedzwa.

Electron configuration

Magadzirirwo emagetsi:

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f10

isotope

Mumamiriro ayo echisikigo, dysprosium inoumbwa nenomwe isotopes: 156Dy, 158Dy, 160Dy, 161Dy, 162Dy, 163Dy, uye 164Dy. Izvi zvose zvinoonekwa zvakagadzikana, pasinei nekuora kwe156Dy nehafu yehupenyu hwemakore anopfuura 1 * 1018. Pakati pemasotopi anongoitika, 164Dy ndiyo yakanyanya kuwanda pa28%, ichiteverwa ne162Dy pa26%. Izvo zvishoma zvakakwana ndeye 156Dy, 0.06%. 29 radioactive isotopes zvakare akagadzirwa, kubva pa138 kusvika 173, maererano nehukuru hweatomu. Iyo yakanyanya kugadzikana ndeye 154Dy ine hafu yehupenyu hweanenge makore 3106, ichiteverwa ne159Dy ine hafu yeupenyu hwemazuva 144.4. Iyo yakanyanya kusagadzikana ndeye 138 Dy ine hafu yehupenyu hwe200 milliseconds. 154Dy inonyanya kukonzerwa nekuora kwealpha, ukuwo 152Dy uye 159Dy kuora kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekutora maerekitironi.

Metal

Dysprosium ine simbi inopenya uye inopenya sirivha inopenya. Iyo yakapfava uye inogona kugadzirwa isina kupisa kana kupisa kwakadziviswa. Zvinhu zvemuviri zvedysprosium zvinokanganiswa kunyange nehuwandu hushoma hwetsvina. Dysprosium neholmium zvine simba repamusoro remagineti, kunyanya pakudziya kwakadzikira. A simple dysprosium ferromagnet inova helical antiferromagnetic state patembiricha iri pasi pe85 K (-188.2 C) uye pamusoro pe85 K (-188.2 C), apo maatomu ese anofanana nechepasi pasi pane imwe nguva uye anotarisana nemateyi ari padyo pakona yakatarwa. . Iyi isina kujairika antiferromagnetism inoshandura kuita isina kurongeka (paramagnetic) mamiriro pa179 K (-94 C).

Application:

(1) Sekuwedzera kune neodymium iron boron magineti echigarire, kuwedzera nezve 2-3% dysprosium kune iyi mhando yemagineti inogona kuvandudza kumanikidza kwayo. Munguva yakapfuura, kudiwa kwedysprosium kwaisakwira, asi nekuwedzera kuri kuda kweneodymium iron boron magineti, yakava chinhu chinodiwa chekuwedzera, ine giredhi rakatenderedza 95-99.9%, uye kudiwa kuri kukurumidza kuwedzera.

(2) Dysprosium inoshandiswa se activator ye phosphors, uye trivalent Dysprosium inovimbisa activate ion kune imwechete emission centre tricolor luminescent zvinhu. Iyo inonyanya kuumbwa nemabhendi maviri ekuburitsa, imwe ndeyeyero emission, uye imwe yacho yeblue emission. Dysprosium doped luminescent zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa se tricolor phosphors.

(3) Dysprosium inodiwa simbi mbishi zvinhu kugadzirira hombe magnetostrictive alloy Terfenol, iyo inogona kugonesa chaiyo mechanic mafambiro kuwanikwa.

(4)Dysprosium simbi inogona kushandiswa semagineti-optical chengetedzo zvinhu ine yakakwirira yekurekodha kumhanya uye kuverenga kwekunzwa.

(5) Pakugadzirisa marambi e-dysprosium, chinhu chinoshanda chinoshandiswa mumarambi e-dysprosium inonzi dysprosium iodide. Rudzi urwu rwemwenje rune zvakanakira kupenya kwepamusoro, ruvara rwakanaka, tembiricha yemhando yepamusoro, saizi diki, uye arc yakagadzikana. Yakashandiswa senzvimbo yekuvhenekesa mafirimu, kudhinda, uye mamwe maapplication ekuvhenekesa.

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(7) Dy3Al5O12 inogonawo kushandiswa sechinhu chemagnetic kushanda kune magineti firiji. Nekuvandudzwa kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, iyo minda yekushandisa yedysprosium icharamba ichikura nekuwedzera.

(8) Dysprosium compound nanofibers ine simba rakakwirira uye nzvimbo yepamusoro, saka inogona kushandiswa kusimbisa zvimwe zvinhu kana se catalysts. Kudziisa mushonga weDyBr3 neNaF pa450 bar pressure kwemaawa 17 kusvika 450 ° C kunogona kugadzira dysprosium fluoride fibers. Ichi chinyorwa chinogona kuramba chiri mumhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzemvura kweanopfuura maawa zana pasina kunyungudika kana kuunganidzwa patembiricha inopfuura 400 ° C.

(9) Thermal insulation demagnetization mafiriji anoshandisa mamwe paramagnetic dysprosium salt crystals, anosanganisira dysprosium gallium garnet (DGG), dysprosium aluminium garnet (DAG), uye dysprosium iron garnet (DyIG).

(10) Dysprosium cadmium oxide boka element macompounds infrared radiation sources inogona kushandiswa kudzidza kemikari kuita. Dysprosium nemakomponi ayo ane simba remagineti zvivakwa, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha mumidziyo yekuchengetedza data senge hard drive.

(11) Iyo neodymium chikamu cheneodymium iron boron magineti inogona kutsiviwa nedysprosium kuti iwedzere kumanikidza uye kunatsiridza kupisa kupisa kwemagineti. Inoshandiswa mumashandisirwo ane yakakwirira kuita zvinodiwa senge yemagetsi mota drive motors. Mota dzinoshandisa rudzi urwu rwemagineti dzinogona kuve neanosvika zana magiramu edysprosium pamotokari. Sekureva kwekutengesa kweToyota pagore kwemotokari dzinosvika miriyoni maviri, ichakurumidza kupera kupihwa kwepasi rose kwedysprosium metal. Magnets akatsiviwa nedysprosium anewo yakakwira corrosion resistance.

(12) Dysprosium mishonga inogona kushandiswa sezvinokonzera mumafuta ekunatsa uye maindasitiri emakemikari. Kana dysprosium yakawedzerwa sekusimudzira kwemaitiro mune ferrioxide ammonia synthesis catalyst, iyo inokonzeresa chiitiko uye kupisa kupisa kweiyo catalyst kunogona kuvandudzwa. Dysprosium oxide inogona kushandiswa seyepamusoro-frequency dielectric ceramic component material, ine chimiro cheMg0-Ba0-Dy0n-Ti02, iyo inogona kushandiswa kune dielectric resonators, dielectric filters, dielectric diplexers, uye michina yekukurukurirana.