Terbiumndezvemhando yerudzi ruremazvisingawanzo zvepanyika, ine huwandu hwakaderera mukuputika kwepasi kamwe chete 1.1 ppm. Terbium oxide maakaunzi pane isingasviki 0,01% yeiyo yakazara zvisingawanzo. Kunyangwe mune yakakwira Yttrium ion mhando inorema kwazvo nyika ore neyakajeka yezvinyorwa zveTerbium, iyo yeTerbium zvinyorwa chete zve 1.1-1.2% yeiyo "chikamu che" chikamu che "chakanakisa" chezvinhu zvisingawanzoitika pasi zvinhu. Kweanopfuura makore zana kubvira pakuwanikwa kweTerbium muna 1843, kushomeka kwayo uye kukosha kwakadzivirira kushanda kwayo kunoshanda kwenguva yakareba. Izvo chete mumakore makumi matatu apfuura ayo Terbium akaratidza tarenda rayo rakasiyana.
Kutsvaga Nhoroondo
Sweden Chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander akawana Terbium muna 1843. Akawana kusvibiswa kwawo mukatiYttrium (iii) oxideuyeY2O3. Yttrium inotumidzwa mushure memusha we ytterby muSweden. Pamberi pekubuda kweIon tekinoroji yekutsinhana, terbium yakanga isiri yega mune yayo yakachena fomu.
Mudzidzi wekutanga akapatsanurwa Yttrrium (III) oxide muzvikamu zvitatu, zvese zvinonzi mushure memes: Yttrium (iii) oxide,Erbium (iii) oxide, uye terbium oxide. Terbium oxide yakaumbwa chikamu chepinki, nekuda kwechinhu zvino chinozivikanwa seErbium. "Erbium (III) OLIDE" (kusanganisira zvatiri kufonera terbium) yaive pakutanga isina ruvara mumhinduro. Iyo insoluble nzombe yezvinhu izvi zvinoonekwa sejasi.
Vashandi vanozotevera vaigona kutadza kuchengeta zvidiki zvisina kufanira " Kupokana nezve kuvapo kwevaErbium (III) Oxides amuka kakawanda. Mumhirizhonga, zita rekutanga rakadzorerwa uye kuchinjana mazita akaomeserwa, saka chikamu chepinki chakazopedzisira chataurwa semhinduro ine erbium (mumhinduro, yaive pink). Izvozvi ikozvino vaitenda kuti vashandi vanoshandisa sodium bisulfate kana potassium sulfate inotoraCerium (iv) oxidekunze kweYttrium (iii) oxide uye nekusaziva tendeuka terbium mune sediment ine cerium. Ingangoita chete 1% yeiyo yekutanga Yttrrium (III) OUTO, zvino inozivikanwa se "terbium", yakakwana kupaza ruvara rweyero kusvika kuYttrium (III) OLIDE. Naizvozvo, kutambudzika chinhu chechipiri chinhu chakange chava pakutanga, uye chinodzorwa nevavakidzani vazvo, Gadolinium neDysprosium.
Pashure pazvo, nguva dzose kana zvimwe zvinhu zvisingawanzo kuparadzaniswa nemusanganiswa uyu, zvisinei nechikamu chenziyo, zita reTerbium rakachengetwa kusvika pakupedzisira, iyo brown oxide yakawanikwa mune yakachena fomu. Vatsvagiri muzana ramakore re19 havana kushandisa extraviolet technology yekutarisa yero
Electron gadziriso
Electron Kugadziriswa:
1s2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P6 4S2 3D10 4P6 5S2 4D10 5P6 6S2 4F9
Iyo Electret gadziriro yeTerbium ndeye [XE] 6S24F9. Kazhinji, maElekitori matatu chete anogona kubviswa nguva yenyukireya isati akura kwazvo kuti ive yakawandisa.
Terbium isiriyo White Range Pasi Pasi pesimbi ine ductility, kuoma, uye kupfava kunogona kutemwa nebanga. Melting Point 1360 ℃, Boiling Point 3123 ℃, Density 8229 4KG / M3. Kuenzaniswa neyekutanga lanthanide, yakagadzikana mumhepo. Sechinhu chechipfumbamwe cheLanthanide, terbium isimbi ine simba rakasimba. Inobata nemvura yekuumba hydrogen.
Muzvisikwa, terbium haina kumbobvira yawanikwa sechinhu chemahara, chidiki chidiki icho chiripo muPhosphoerium trorium sejecha uye Gadolinite. Terbium vanoenda pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvisingawanzoitika mujecha reMonazine, neyakajairwa 0.03% terbium zvirimo. Mamwe masosi ane Xenotime uye dema goridhe regoridhe, ayo ese ari maviri musanganiswa wemhando uye ane kusvika ku1% terbium.
Application
Kushandiswa kweTerbium kwakanyanya kunosanganisira minda yepamusoro-tekinoroji, iyo ruzivo rwakanyanya uye ruzivo rwemapeji ekucheka, pamwe nemapurojekiti ane makomborero ehupfumi, aine tarisiro yekuvandudza yehupfumi.
Nzvimbo huru dzekushandisa inosanganisira:
(1) inoshandiswa muchimiro chekusanganisa nyika yepasi. Semuenzaniso, inoshandiswa sevanhu vasingawanzo kuumbwa feteraiza uye kupa chikafu chinowedzera pakurima.
(2) activator yegirini poda mune matatu matatu ekutanga fluorescent poders. Zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvinoda kushandiswa kwemavara matatu ekutanga ezvinyorwa zvefoni, zvinyoro-nyoro, girini, uye bhuruu, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa mavara akasiyana siyana. Uye terbium chinhu chakakosha muzvinhu zvakawanda zvakakwirira-mhando girini fluorescent poders.
(3) yakashandiswa seganeti yemagineti yekuchengetedza zvinhu. Amorphous simbi terbium transition shandver yesimbi alloy mafirimu akaonda mafirimu akashandiswa kugadzira yakakwirira-performance magmeto-Optical discs.
(4) kugadzira magneo optical girazi. Farady Rotiratory girazi rine terbium chinhu chakakosha chekugadzira rotators, isolators, uye inotenderera muLaser Technology.
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Kwekurima uye mhuka yemhuka
Rare Earth terbium inogona kuvandudza mhando yezvirimwa uye uwedzere chiyero che photosynthesis mukati meimwe nzvimbo yekusungwa. Terbium zvakaomarara zvine basa rakakwirira rekubereka. Ternary Compleces yeTerbium, TB (ALA) 3BENIM (CLO4) 3 · 4h2o, ine mipimo yakanaka pane staphylococcus, bacillus subtilis uye escherichia coli. Ivo vane zvakajeka antibacterial spectrum. Kufunda kwekunetseka kwakadaro kunopa nhungamiro itsva yekutsvagisa yezvinodhaka zvemazuva ano zvinodhaka.
Inoshandiswa mumunda weLuminescence
Zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvinoda kushandiswa kwemavara matatu ekutanga ezvinyorwa zvefoni, zvinyoro-nyoro, girini, uye bhuruu, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa mavara akasiyana siyana. Uye terbium chinhu chakakosha muzvinhu zvakawanda zvakakwirira-mhando girini fluorescent poders. Kana kuberekwa kwevanhu pasi ravheni yeTV tsvuku yeTV Mukutanga kwa1980s, Philips akagadzira iyo yekutanga nyika yekutanga compact-kuchengetedza fluorescent mwenje uye yakakurumidza kusimudzira pasi rose. TB3 + IONS inogona kuburitsa girini yakasvibira ine wavelength ye545nm, uye inenge zvese zvisingawanzogadzirwa pasi pegirasi svibishji shandisa terbium seanoshanda semuganda.
Iyo green phosphor yevara yeTV Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) yakagara ichishandiswa segirini yeTvini yeTV, TB3 + TB) Nekuvandudzwa kweiyo hombe skrini-dudziro terevhizheni Semuenzaniso, hybrid green fluorescent poda yakagadzirwa kunze kwenyika, inosanganisira Y3 (al, tb3 +
Iyo tsika yeX-ray fluorescent poda ndeye calcium tungstate. Muma1970s uye 1980s, vasingawanzo phamba yekuwedzera screens vakawedzera, serbium yakaomeserwa. X-ray kuridza varwere ne80%, kuvandudza kugadziriswa kwemafirimu x-ray, wedzera hupenyu hweX-ray machubhu, uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba. Terbium inoshandiswawo seye fluorescent puroyi yehurongwa hwekurapa X-ray kushandurwa kweX-ray
Terbium inoshandiswawo semutambi mune chena inotungamirwa phosphor inofarira nebhuruu mwenje wetsva semiconductor mwenje. Inogona kushandiswa kuburitsa terbium aluminium Magneto Sports phasphors, uchishandisa mwenje webhuruu sechibereko zvakareruka
Izvo zvigadzirwa zveMagetsi zvakagadzirwa neTerbium zvinonyanya kusanganisira zinc sulfide green phosphor ne terbium semuganda. Under Ultraviolet kurira Kunyangwe kufambira mberi kwakakosha kwave kuitwa mukudzidza kwevanhu pasi pePasi Kashoma Mafirimu akaonda
Iyo fluorescence maitiro eTerbium anoshandiswawo seye fluolescence pres. Semuenzaniso, Onloxacin Terbium (TB3 +) Fluorescence probe yaishandiswa kudzidza kufambidzana neDNALOUT Ofloxacin tb3 + system. Zvichienderana neshanduko iyi, DNA inogona kutsanangurwa.
For magneo optical zvinhu
Zvigadzirwa zvine fareday mhedzisiro, zvakare inozivikanwa seMagneti-Optical zvinhu, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune lasers uye zvimwe zvishandiso zvekutara. Kune maviri marudzi akaenzana emagineti Optical zvinhu: magneto Optical makristasi uye magneo Optical Girazi. Pakati pavo, magnets - Optical makristuru (akadai seYttrium Galaret uye terbium Gallium Garnet) ane zvakanakira kushanda kweshanduro uye nekukwira kugadzikana, asi zvinodhura uye zvakaoma uye zvakaoma kugadzirwa. Mukuwedzera, vazhinji magmeto-Optical makristasi ane yakakwira farday rotation ane yakanyanya kukwirira mune pfupi pfupi yekuwedzera, iyo inogumira kushandisa kwavo. Kuenzaniswa neMagneti Optical makristasi, Magneto Optical Girazi ane mukana wekuputika kwepamusoro uye zviri nyore kugadzirwa muhomwe hombe kana machira. Parizvino, magnets-magirazi ezvinyorwa zvine hombe faraday mhedzisiro inonyanya kukosha pasi rePasi IONED CLAPED magirazi.
Inoshandiswa kune magneti Optical yekuchengetedza zvinhu
Mumakore achangopfuura, nekukura nekukurumidza kwe multimedia nehofisi automation, kudiwa kwetsva hombe-mashacity magnetic mashisiki kwave kuri kuwedzera. Amorphous simbi terbium transition shandu dzeMethiya mafirimu akajairwa kugadzira high-performance magmeto-Optical discs. Pakati pavo, iyo TBFECO Ally Yakatetepa firimu ine zvakanakisa kuita. Terbium yakavakirwa Magmeto-Optical zvinhu zvakagadzirwa pamwero mukuru, uye magnets-Optical discs yakagadzirwa kubva kwavari inoshandiswa sekombiyuta zvinhu, nekuchengetedza mari yekuchengetedza yakawedzera ne 10-15 times. Ivo vane zvakanakira zvekugona kukuru uye nekukurumidza kuwana kumhanya, uye kunogona kupukutwa uye zvakachekwa makumi ezviuru zvenguva apo inoshandiswa kune yakakwira-density optical discs. Iwo akakosha zvinhu mukushandisa kwemagetsi ekuchengetedza tekinoroji. Izvo zvinonyanya kushandiswa Magmeto-Optical zvinyorwa mumabhandi anooneka uye ari padyo-infrared gallium garnet (tgg) yekristu-yakanakisa magmeto-Optical zvinyorwa zvekugadzira farayday rotators uye isolator.
For magneo optical girazi
FARAYAD MAGNETO Optical Girazi ine transpency yakanaka uye isotropy mune inooneka uye infrared matunhu, uye inogona kuumba akasiyana maumbirwo akaenzana. Zviri nyore kuburitsa zvigadzirwa zvakakura-zvakakura uye zvinogona kukweverwa mumazwi emisikisi. Naizvozvo, ine tarisiro yakakura yekushandisa muMagneti Optical zvishandiso zvakadai seMagneti Optical Opolators, Magneto Optical Modulators, uye Fiber Optical Ins Sensors. Nekuda kweiyo hombe yemagineti yemagineti uye diki yekukwenenzvera mune inooneka uye infrered range, tb3 + ions yakajairika kushandiswa zvisingawanzo zivha dzepasi mumashiripiti.
Terbium Dysprosium FerromagnetOrsing Alloy
Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi20, nekudzamisa kwenyika yeNyika yesainzi uye tekinoroji shanduko, zvitsva zvevanoita pasi zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvinobuda nekukurumidza. Muna 1984, Iowa State University of the United States, Ames Laboratory Dhipatimendi reUnited States Office Computer ( Iyi nyowani yeNetsva Smart ine hunhu hwakanakisa hwekukurumidza kushandura simba remagetsi kuita simba rekuita. Mvura yepasi uye yemagetsi-acoustic transducrs yakagadzirwa neiyi hombe magneorstiory yakagadzirwa nemidziyo yeNaval Naizvozvo, pakangoita maGybius hofori yeSimbi yemigariro esimbi yakakwezverwa, yakawana kutariswa kwakapararira kubva kunyika dzinoshanduka dzakatenderedza pasirese. Sedra Tekinoroji muUnited States yakatanga kuburitsa Terbium Dyrosium Iron High magneortial Engel Zvigadzirwa
Kubva munhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu izvi muUnited States, kugadzirwa kwezvinyorwa uye zvekutanga zvekushandisa zveMonopolistic zvine hukama zvakananga indasitiri yemauto (senge Navy). Kunyangwe mauto ezvina uye madhipatimendi ekudzivirira anosimbisa zvishoma nezvishoma kunzwisisa kwavo zvinhu izvi. Nekudaro, mushure mekuwedzera kweChina yeChina. Naizvozvo, kushandiswa kwakapararira kweTerbium Dysprosium Iron Giant magneorsties Zvigadzirwa nemauto ehondo neNational Defiti
Muchidimbu, iyo yakawanda yakanakisa zvivakwa zveTerbium ita iyo yakakosha nhengo yezvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshanda uye nzvimbo isiriyo mune mamwe minda yekushandisa. Nekudaro, nekuda kwemutengo wakakwira weTerbium, vanhu vanga vachidzidzira maitiro ekudzivirira uye kuderedza kushandiswa kweterbium kuitira kuderedza mari yekugadzira. Semuenzaniso, zvisingawanzo kuvapo Magmeto-Optical zvinhu zvinofanirwawo kushandisa zvakaderera-zvinodhura Dysprosium iron cobalt kana Gadolinium terbium cobaum cobaum cobal. Edza kuderedza zvirimo zveTerbium mune yakasvibira fluorescent poda inofanira kushandiswa. Mutengo wacho wave chinhu chakakosha kudzivisa kushandiswa kwakapararira kweTerbium. Asi zvakawanda zvinoshanda zvinoshanda hazvigone kuita izvozvo, saka tinofanirwa kuomerera kune iyo pfungwa ye "kushandisa simbi yakanaka pane iyo blade" uye edza kuchengetedza kushandiswa kweterbium zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
Kutumira Nguva: Jul-05-2023