Terbiumndeyorukana yerudzi rweanorema nyika, ine huwandu hwakaderera mukuputika kwepasi panguva chete 1.1 ppm.Terbium oxideMaakaunti kune isingasviki 0,01% yeiyo yakazara zvisingawanzo nyika. Kunyangwe mune yakakwira Yttrium ion mhando inorema zvisingawanzo nyika ore neiyo yepamusoro yezvinyorwa zveTerbium, iyo terbium yezvinyorwa chete nhoroondo ye1.1-1.2% yehuwandurare pasi, zvichiratidza kuti ndezvemwana "akanaka"rare pasizvinhu. Kweanopfuura makore zana kubvira pakuwanikwa kweTerbium muna 1843, kushomeka kwayo uye kukosha kwakadzivirira kushanda kwayo kunoshanda kwenguva yakareba. Izvo chete mumakore makumi matatu apfuura izvoterbiumyakaratidza tarenda rayo rakasiyana.
Kutsvaga Nhoroondo
Sweden Chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander akawana terbium muna 1843. Akawana zvinhu zvawo mukatiYttrium oxideuyeY2O3. Ytriumanonzi zita romusha weChebhi muSweden. Pamberi pekubuda kweIon tekinoroji yekutsinhana, terbium yakanga isiri yega mune yayo yakachena fomu.
Mossander yakatanga kupatsanurwaYttrium oxidekuita zvikamu zvitatu, zvese zvakatumidzwa mushure meOres:Yttrium oxide, erbium oxide, uyeterbium oxide. Terbium oxidepakutanga yakaumbwa chikamu chepinki, nekuda kwechinhu chinozivikanwa seerbium. Erbium oxide(kusanganisira izvo zvatichadaidza terbium) yaive pakutanga isina mavara. Iyo insoluble nzombe yezvinhu izvi zvinoonekwa sejasi.
Gare gare vashandi vakaona zvakaoma kuchengeta diki isina ruvara "erbium oxide"Asi chikamu chengarava chinonyorovesa hachigone kufuratirwa. Kupokana pamusoro pekuvapo kweerbium oxideyakambononoka kubuda. Mumhirizhonga, zita rekutanga rakadzorerwa uye kuchinjana mazita akaomeserwa, saka chikamu chepinki chakazopedzisira chataurwa semhinduro ine erbium (mumhinduro, yaive pink). Izvozvi ikozvino vaitenda kuti vashandi vanoshandisa sodium vanoparadza kana potassium sulfate kubvisa cerium dioxide kubvaYttrium oxidenokusaziva kutendeukaterbiumkuita cerium ine mapenzi. Parizvino anozivikanwa se 'terbium', inenge 1% yeiyo yekutangaYttrium oxideiripo, asi izvi zvakakwanira kuendesa ruvara rweyero rweyero yeroYttrium oxide. Saka,terbiumChinhu chechipiri chakange chava pakutanga icho, uye chinodzorwa nevavakidzani vekupedzisira,GadoliniumuyeDysprosium.
Mushure meizvozvo, pese peserare pasizvinhu zvakaparadzaniswa nemusanganiswa uyu, zvisinei nechikamu chedumbu, zita reTerbium rakachengetwa kusvika pakupedzisira, iro brown oxide yeterbiumyakawanikwa mune yakachena fomu. Vatsvagiri muzana ramakore re19 havana kushandisa extraviolet technology yekutarisa yero
Electron gadziriso
Electronic maratidziro:
1s2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P6 4S2 3D10 4P6 5S2 4D10 5P6 6S2 4F9
Gadziriro yemagetsi yeterbiumndi [xe] 6s24f9. Kazhinji, maElekitori matatu chete anogona kubviswa pamberi pemubhadharo wenyukireya asati akura kwazvo kuti azoenderere mberi nekuwedzera. Nekudaro, mune zvakaitikaterbium, iyo yakazadzwaterbiuminobvumira kuti iwedzere ionization yeyechina Electroni pamberi peiyo yakasimba kwazvo oxidant yakadai seyeti yeFluoline gasi.
Simbi
TerbiumIs sirivha chena isingawanzo] simbi ine ductility, kuoma, uye kupfava kunogona kutemwa nebanga. Melting Point 1360 ℃, Boiling Point 3123 ℃, Density 8229 4KG / M3. Kuenzaniswa neyekutanga lanthanide zvinhu, iyo yakagadzikana mumhepo. Chinhu chechipfumbamwe chechipfupi cheLanthanide zvinhu, terbium, isimbi yakanyanya kupomerwa iyo inobata nemvura yekuumba hydrogen gasi.
Muzvisikwa,terbiumHaisati yambowanikwa sechinhu chemahara, tungamira mune zvidiki zvidiki mune phospharous cerium turaimu trorium uye silicon beryllium yttrium ore.TerbiumVaraberi vane zvimwe zvinhu zvisingawanzoitika mujecha reMonazine, neyakajairwa 0.03% terbium zvirimo. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinosanganisira Yttrrium Phsphate uye Rare Pasi Pasi Pasi, zvese zviri zviviri musanganiswa wehodhi zvine 1% terbium.
Application
Kushandiswa kweterbiumKunyanya kusanganisa minda yakakwirira-tekinoroji, iyo tekinoroji yakawandisa uye ruzivo rwakanyanya kucheka-mapato mapurojekiti, pamwe nemapurojekiti ane makomborero ehupfumi akakosha, aine tarisiro inokwezva.
Nzvimbo huru dzekushandisa inosanganisira:
(1) inoshandiswa muchimiro chekusanganisa nyika yepasi. Semuenzaniso, inoshandiswa sevanhu vasingawanzo kuumbwa feteraiza uye kupa chikafu chinowedzera pakurima.
(2) activator yegirini poda mune matatu matatu ekutanga fluorescent poders. Zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvinoda kushandiswa kwemavara matatu ekutanga ezvinyorwa zvefoni, zvinyoro-nyoro, girini, uye bhuruu, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa mavara akasiyana siyana. Uyeterbiumchinhu chakakosha muzvikamu zvakawanda mumhando dzakawanda-mhando dzegreen fluorescent.
(3) yakashandiswa seganeti yemagineti yekuchengetedza zvinhu. Amorphous simbi terbium transition yesimbi alloy mafirimu akaonda mafirimu akashandiswa kugadzira high-performance magnecucal optical discs.
(4) kugadzira magneo optical girazi. Farady Rotiratory girazi rine terbium chinhu chakakosha chekugadzira rotators, isolators, uye inotenderera muLaser Technology.
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Kwekurima uye mhuka yemhuka
Rare pasiterbiuminogona kuvandudza mhando yezvirimwa uye uwedzere chiyero che photosynthesis mukati meimwe nzvimbo yekusungwa. Iyo yakaoma yeTerbium ine yakakwira biological chiitiko, uye iyo yakaoma yakaoma yeterbium. Kufunda kweaya manhanga aya kunopa nhungamiro itsva yekutsvagisa yezvinodhaka zvemazuva ano zvinodhaka.
Inoshandiswa mumunda weLuminescence
Zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvinoda kushandiswa kwemavara matatu ekutanga ezvinyorwa zvefoni, zvinyoro-nyoro, girini, uye bhuruu, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa mavara akasiyana siyana. Uye terbium chinhu chakakosha muzvinhu zvakawanda zvakakwirira-mhando girini fluorescent poders. Kana kuberekwa kwevanhu pasi color tv red fluorescent poda yakamutsirisa zvinodiwaytriumuyeEuropium, saka kushandiswa uye kusimudzira kweTerbium zvakakurudzirwa nevalar pasi repasi riripurazi reruvara rwechinyakare greenorescent poda yemarambi. Mukutanga kwa1980s, Philips akagadzira iyo yekutanga nyika yekutanga compact-kuchengetedza fluorescent mwenje uye yakakurumidza kusimudzira pasi rose. TB3 + Ions inokwanisa kuburitsa girini yechiedza ine wavelength ye545nm, uye anenge zvese zvisingawanzo nyika pasi green luescent poderescent poderscentterbium, semuridzi webasa.
Iyo yakasvibira Fluorescent Poda yeTV cathode Ray Tubes Nekuvandudzwa kweiyo hombe skrini-dudziro terevhizheni Semuenzaniso, hybrid green fluorescent poda yakagadzirwa kunze kwenyika, inosanganisira Y3 (al, tb3 +
Iyo tsika yeX-ray fluorescent poda ndeye calcium tungstate. Muma1970s uye 1980s, Rare Pasi Pasi Fluorescent Pounders for Sensitization Screens yakagadzirwa, sengeterbium, activated lanthanum sulfide oxide, terbium activated lanthanum Bromide oxide (yegirini screens), uye terbium yakagadziriswa yttrium sulfide oxide. Kuenzaniswa neCalcium Tungstate, Rare Pasi Pasi Fluorescent Poda inogona kuderedza nguva yeX-Ray Films, RaySpan yeX-Ray machubhu, uye kuderedza kushandisa simba. Terbium inoshandiswawo seye fluorescent puroyi yehurongwa hwekurapa X-ray kushandurwa kweX-ray
Terbiuminoshandiswawo semutambi mune chena inotungamirwa phosphor inofarira nebhuruu mwenje wetsva semiconductor mwenje. Inogona kushandiswa kuburitsa terbium aluminium Magneto Optical phonders, uchishandisa mwenje webhuruu inoenderana neyechiedza, uye yakagadzirwa fluorescence yakavhenganiswa nechiedza chechiedza kugadzira chena chena mwenje wakachena
Iyo yemagetsi yezvivakwa yakagadzirwa kubva kuTerbium inonyanya kusanganisira zinc sulfide green fluorescent poda neterbiumsemugwe. Under Ultraviolet kurira Kunyangwe kufambira mberi kwakakosha kwakaitwa mukudzidza kwerare pasiOrganic yakaoma magetsi akaonda mafirimu, kuchine rimwezve kubva pakushanda, uye tsvagiridzo pane zvisingawanzo zvepasi organic yakaoma magetsi akaonda mafirimu uye zvishandiso zvichiri zvakadzama.
Iyo fluorescence maitiro eTerbium anoshandiswawo seye fluolescence pres. Kubatana pakati peiyo yeloxacin terbium (tb3 +) yakaoma uye deoxyribfungucic acid (DNA) yakadzidzwa spectrescence uye yakadai seyekupwanya probe of of ofloxacin terbium (tb3 +). Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti yeiyo yeiyo yeiyo tb3 + probe inogona kuumba iyo Groove inosunga neDNAMOLECLECLES, uye Deoxyriclcloc acid inogona kusimudzira zvakanyanya kuwanda kweiyo yeiyo yeiyo yeiyo yeiyo yeiyoloxacin tb3 + system. Zvichienderana neshanduko iyi, Deoxyribonucleic acid inogona kutsanangurwa.
For magneo optical zvinhu
Zvigadzirwa zvine fareday mhedzisiro, zvakare inozivikanwa seMagneti-Optical zvinhu, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune lasers uye zvimwe zvishandiso zvekutara. Kune maviri marudzi akaenzana emagineti Optical zvinhu: magneto Optical makristasi uye magneo Optical Girazi. Pakati pavo, magnets - Optical makristuru (akadai seYttrium Galaret uye terbium Gallium Garnet) ane zvakanakira kushanda kweshanduro uye nekukwira kugadzikana, asi zvinodhura uye zvakaoma uye zvakaoma kugadzirwa. Mukuwedzera, vazhinji magmeto-Optical makristasi ane yakakwira farday rotation angs ane yakanyanya kukwirira mune pfupi pfupi yekuwedzera, iyo inogumira kushandisa kwavo. Kuenzaniswa neMagneti Optical makristasi, Magneto Optical Girazi ane mukana wekuputika kwepamusoro uye zviri nyore kugadzirwa muhomwe hombe kana machira. Parizvino, magnets-magirazi ezvinyorwa zvine hombe faraday mhedzisiro inonyanya kukosha pasi rePasi IONED CLAPED magirazi.
Inoshandiswa kune magneti Optical yekuchengetedza zvinhu
Mumakore achangopfuura, nekukura nekukurumidza kwe multimedia nehofisi automation, kudiwa kwetsva hombe-mashacity magnetic mashisiki kwave kuri kuwedzera. Amorphous simbi terbium transition yesimbi alloy mafirimu akaonda mafirimu akashandiswa kugadzira high-performance magnecucal optical discs. Pakati pavo, iyo TBFECO Ally Yakatetepa firimu ine zvakanakisa kuita. Terbium yakavakirwa Magmeto-Optical zvinhu zvakagadzirwa pamwero mukuru, uye magnets-Optical discs yakagadzirwa kubva kwavari inoshandiswa sekombiyuta zvinhu, nekuchengetedza mari yekuchengetedza yakawedzera ne 10-15 times. Ivo vane zvakanakira zvekugona kukuru uye nekukurumidza kuwana kumhanya, uye kunogona kupukutwa uye zvakachekwa makumi ezviuru zvenguva apo inoshandiswa kune yakakwira-density optical discs. Iwo akakosha zvinhu mukushandisa kwemagetsi ekuchengetedza tekinoroji. Izvo zvinonyanya kushandiswa Magmeto-Optical zvinyorwa mumabhandi anooneka uye ari padyo-infrared gallium garnet (tgg) yekristu-yakanakisa magmeto-Optical zvinyorwa zvekugadzira farayday rotators uye isolator.
For magneo optical girazi
FARAYAD MAGNETO Optical Girazi ine transpency yakanaka uye isotropy mune inooneka uye infrared matunhu, uye inogona kuumba akasiyana maumbirwo akaenzana. Zviri nyore kuburitsa zvigadzirwa zvakakura-zvakakura uye zvinogona kukweverwa mumazwi emisikisi. Naizvozvo, ine tarisiro yakakura yekushandisa muMagneti Optical zvishandiso zvakadai seMagneti Optical Opolators, Magneto Optical Modulators, uye Fiber Optical Ins Sensors. Nekuda kweiyo hombe yemagineti yemagineti uye diki yekukwenenzvera mune inooneka uye infrered range, tb3 + ions yakajairika kushandiswa zvisingawanzo zivha dzepasi mumashiripiti.
Terbium Dysprosium FerromagnetOrsing Alloy
Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi20, nekuenderera mberi kweiyo nyika yekuchinja kweNyika yeWorld Tekinoroji, zvinhu zvitsva zvepasi pano pane zvekunyorera zviri kukurumidza kubuda. Muna 1984, Iowa State University, maAmes Laboratori yeUS Simba reUS, kubva kune vanowedzera kuti vatangezve pasi pepasi rePasi, zita rekuti Iyi manyorero matsva akangwara ane hunhu hwakanaka hwekukurumidza kushandura simba remagetsi kuita simba rekuita. Mvura yepasi uye yemagetsi-acoustic transducrs yakagadzirwa neiyi hombe magneorstiory yakagadzirwa nemidziyo yeNaval Naizvozvo, pakangoita maGybius hofori yeSimbi yemigariro esimbi yakakwezverwa, yakawana kutariswa kwakapararira kubva kunyika dzinoshanduka dzakatenderedza pasirese. Sedra Tekinoroji muUnited States yakatanga kuburitsa Terbium Dyrosium Iron High magneortial Engel Zvigadzirwa
Kubva munhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu izvi muUnited States, kugadzirwa kwezvinyorwa uye zvekutanga zvekushandisa zveMonopolistic zvine hukama zvakananga indasitiri yemauto (senge Navy). Kunyangwe mauto ezvina uye madhipatimendi ekudzivirira anosimbisa zvishoma nezvishoma kunzwisisa kwavo zvinhu izvi. Nekudaro, nekuvandudza kwakakosha kwesimba reChina renyika Naizvozvo, kushandiswa kwakapararira kweTerbium Dysprosium Iron Giant magneorsties Zvigadzirwa nemauto ehondo neNational Defiti
Muchidimbu, iyo yakawanda yakanaka midziyo yeterbiumIta kuti ive nhengo yakakosha yezvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshanda uye nzvimbo isiriyo mune mamwe minda yekushandisa. Nekudaro, nekuda kwemutengo wakakwira weTerbium, vanhu vanga vachidzidzira maitiro ekudzivirira uye kuderedza kushandiswa kweterbium kuitira kuderedza mari yekugadzira. Semuenzaniso, nguva isingawanzo kugonesa magnets-Optical midziyo inofanirwawo kushandisa yakaderera-mutengodysprosium ironcobalt kana gadolinium terbium cobalt zvakanyanya sezvinobvira; Edza kuderedza zvirimo zveTerbium mune yakasvibira fluorescent poda inofanira kushandiswa. Mutengo wave chinhu chakakosha kudzora kushandiswa kwakapararira kweterbium. Asi akawanda anoshanda mashandiro haagone kuita pasina izvozvo, saka isu tinofanirwa kuomerera kune iyo pfungwa ye "kushandisa yakanaka simbi pane iyo blade" uye edza kuchengetedza kushandiswa kweterbiumsezvazvinogona.
Kutumira Nguva: Oct-25-2023