SCandai, nechiratidzo cheChiratidzo cheCom uye chiAtomi ye12, inochema mumvura, inogona kupindirana nemvura inopisa, uye yakasviba nyore nyore mumhepo. Mahombe ayo makuru ndeikuti + 3. Zvinowanzobatanidzwa neGadolinium, erbium, uye zvimwe zvinhu, neyakaderera goho uye zvirimo zveanenge 0.0005% mune crust. Scandium inowanzoshandiswa kugadzira girazi rakakosha uye rakareruka rakakwira-tembiricha.
Parizvino, iyo inochengeterwa nzvimbo dzeScandium munyika ingangoita mamirioni maviri emamirioni, 90 ~ 95 China yakapfuma kwazvo mune scandium zviwanikwa, ine hukuru hwemamineral reserves zvine chekuita ne scandium. Sekureva kwenhamba isina kukwana, iyo marebhiti yechiScandium kuChina inenge mazana matanhatu ematani matani, phosphory deposits.
Nekuda kwekushomeka kweScandium, mutengo weshongimi zvakare yakanyanya kukwirira, uye pakakwirira kwazvo, mutengo weshonganda wacho wakatemerwa nenguva gumi mutengo wegoridhe. Kunyangwe mutengo wechidhori wawa, ichiri nguva kana mutengo wendarama!
Kutsvaga Nhoroondo
Muna 1869, Mendeleev akaona gap muAtomic misa pakati peCalcium (40) uye Titanium (48), uye akafanotaura kuti kwaivewo kuwanikwazve kuAtomic mamiriro ezvinhu pano. Akafanotaura kuti nzombe yayo iri X ₂ O Scandium yakawanikwa muna 1879 naLars Frederik Nilson yeUppsala University muSweden. Akaibvisa kubva kune dema regoridhe regoridhe, a akaomarara ore ine marudzi masere echiratidzo chesimbi. AbvaErbium (iii) oxidekubva kune dema dzakatetepa goridhe ore, uye yakawanikwaYtterbium (iii) oxideKubva pamhudzi iri, uye pane imwe nzombe yezvinhu zvakareruka, fungidziro yaro inoratidza kuti isimbi isingazivikanwe. Iyi ndiyo simbi inofanotaurwa na Mendeleev, ine nzombe iriSC₂O₃. Iyo scandium simbi pachayo yakagadzirwa kubvaScandium chlorideneElectrolytic kunyungudika muna 1937.
Mendeleev
Electron gadziriso
Electron Kugadziriswa: 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P6 4S2 3D1
Scandium is a nyoro, sirivha chena transition simbi ine inonyungudika pfungwa ye1541
Kwenguva yakakura nguva mushure mekuwanikwa kwaro, kushandiswa kweshonganda hakuna kuratidzwa nekuda kwekunetseka kwayo mukugadzira. Nekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwekuvandudza kwezvinhu zvisingawanzo kuparadzaniswa kwenzira, iko zvino kurira kwakakura kuyerera kwekuchenesa mashonga masheni. Nekuti Scandium haina kushoma pane yttrium naLantharide, iyo hydroxide is is lakest screensing ichisangana ne "nzira kana Scandium (iii) hydroxide inobatwa neAmmonia mushure mekutamiswa. Imwe nzira ndeyekuparadzanisa scandium nitrate nekuora kwekushora kwertrate. Nekuti Scandium nitrate ndiyo iri nyore kuora, scandium inogona kuparadzaniswa. Uye zvakare, kudzoreredzwa kwakazara kwekuperekedza Scandium kubva kuRanium, Thorium, Tungsten, Tin uye mamwe mineral deposits zvakare sosi yakakosha ye scandium.
Mushure mekuwana scandium yakachena, inoshandurwa kuita sccl å uye co yakanyungudika ne kcl uye licl. Iyo Molten Zinc inoshandiswa secathode yeElectrolysis, ichikonzera scandium kuti isarure pane zinc electrode. Zvadaro, zinc yakachekwa kuti iwane simbi scandium. Iyi ndiyo yakareruka sirivheri chena simbi ine zvinoshanda zvemakemikari zvinhu, izvo zvinogona kuita nemvura inopisa kuti igadzire hydrogen gasi. Saka scandium yesimbi yaunoona mumufananidzo yakaiswa mucherechedzo mubhodhoro uye neimwe nzira yeARGON ichakurumidza kuumba yakasviba yero kana grey ollide lavel luster.
Zvishandiso
Indasitiri inovhenekera
Mashandisiro anoita scandium anoomeswa mumativi akajeka kwazvo, uye haisiri kuwedzeredza kuti azvidane Mwanakomana wechiedza. Chombo chekutanga chemagineti cheScandium chinonzi Scandium Sodium Lamp, iyo inogona kushandiswa kuunza chiedza kuzviuru zvemhuri. Iyi isimbi yekureba kwemagetsi emagetsi: Iyo bulb inozadzwa neSodium Iodide uye Scandium Triodide, uye Scandium uye Sodium Foil inowedzerwa panguva imwe chete. Munguva yakakwirira-voltage discharge, scandium ions uye sodium ion zvine hungwaru yehunyanzvi hwehunhu hwavo hwekubuda. Mitsetse yekutarisa yeSodium ndeye 589.0 uye 589.6 NM Mwenje weScandium ndeye 381.3 ~ 424.7 NM Nekuti ivo vanoganhurirana, iyo yakazara ruvara rwemwenje yakagadzirwa ndeye chena mwenje. Izvo chaizvo nekuti Scandium Sodium Lamps ane hunhu hwekusakwana kwekunyanyisa, hupenyu hwekupwanya, uye mitezo yemitambo, uye mwenje wemitambo, uye inozivikanwa seyechiRungu zvizvarwa zvinyorwa. MuChina, rudzi urwu rwerudzi rwuri kusimudzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma sehunyanzvi hutsva, nepo mune dzimwe nyika dzakasimukira, rudzi urwu rwemwenje rwakashandiswa zvakanyanya pakutanga sekutanga kwa1980.
Iyo yechipiri mashiripiti chombo cheScandium is solar phongotoltaic masero, ayo anogona kuunganidza mwenje wakapararira pasi uye uzvishandure mumagetsi ekutyaira nzanga yevanhu. Scandium ndiyo yakanakisa isimbi yemasimbi insulator semicononductor silicon solar maseru uye maseru ezuva.
Chombo chayo chemuchato chinonzi γ a ray sosi, iyi chombo chombo inogona kupenya zvakajeka pachayo, asi urwu rudzi rwechiedza harugone kugamuchirwa neziso rakashama, iri yakakwirira-simba phonofton kuyerera. Isu tinowanzo bvisa 45sc kubva kuzviminyaradzo, izvo ndezvega zvisikwa zvisikwa zveScandium. Imwe neimwe 45sc nucleus ine 21 prons uye makumi maviri nematanhatu. 46SC, iyo Radioctive isoctive yeSotope, inogona kushandiswa seye γ radiation zvinyorwa kana matechi anokwanisa zvakare kushandiswa zvakare for radiotherapy yemapundu anokuvadza. Kune zvakare zvakare zvikumbiro kunge yttrium Gallium Scandium Garnet Laser,Scandium FluorideGirazi infrared Optical fiber, uye scandium yakachekwa cathode ray tube paterevhizheni. Zvinoratidzika kuti scandium inozvarwa nekupenya.
Alloy indasitiri
Scandium mune yayo elemental fomu yakave yakashandiswa zvakanyanya zvekutonga aluminium alloys. Chero bedzi zviuru zviviri zvevashoma Kuwedzera 0.2% ~ 0.4% sc (iyo yakafanana chaizvo neyakawedzera tembiricha yekudzikisira. Izvo zvinogona zvakare kudzivirira chinomprettlement phenomenon izvo zviri nyore kuitika panguva yekushanda kwenguva refu pakupisa kwakanyanya. Simba rakakwirira uye yakakwirira kuomarara Aluminium Alloy, New High-Simba Tarisiro Aluminium Alloy, Autron Trongement
Scandium zvakare yakawedzera modifier yakaomesesa yesimbi, uye shoma scrandum inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya simba uye kuomarara kwekukanda simbi. Mukuwedzera, scandium inogonawo kushandiswa seyakawedzera kune yakakwirira-tembiricha tungsten uye chromium alloys. Ehezve, mukuwedzera pakuita kuti nguo dzemuchato dzevamwe, scandium ine nzvimbo yakanyanya kunyungudika yakafanana nealuminium, uye inoshandiswawo mukunyungudika kwepamhepo yakaenzana seScandium Alloy uye Scandium magnesium Alloy. Nekudaro, nekuda kwemutengo wayo wakakwira, zvinowanzo shandiswa chete mumaindasitiri ekumagumo ekugadzira senge space shuttles uye matombo.
Ceramic zvinhu
Scanduum, chinhu chimwe chete, chinowanzoshandiswa mumatare, uye nzombe dzayo dzinotora chinhu chakakosha mumidziyo yeCeramic nenzira yakafanana. Iyo Tetragonal Zirconia Ceramic Manyorero, iyo inogona kushandiswa seyemagetsi zvinyorwa zveSimba rehova dzemhando dzeMagetsi Nekudaro, chimiro chekristaro cheichi chezvinyorwa zvinhu pachazvo hazvigone kuvapo uye hazvina kukosha kwesindasitiri; Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti utore zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kugadzirisa chimiro ichi kuitira kuti urambe uine zvivakwa zvayo zvekutanga. Kuwedzera 6 ~ 10% Scandium Oxideo yakafanana nechimiro chekongiri, zvekuti zirconia inogona kudzikiswa pane imwe mraba.
Kune zvekare mainjiniya echiinjiniya zvinhu zvakakwirira-simba uye yakakwirira-tembiricha inodzivirira silicon nitride se densifiers uye stabilizers.
Sechidhakwa,Scandium oxideInogona kuumba iyo Refractory chikamu SC2SI2O7 pamucheto wezvinyorwa zvakanaka, nokudaro kudzora kusarudzika kwekushisa kwejeri reinjiniya. Kuenzaniswa neimwe nziyo dzemimwe, inogona kuvandudza nzira dzakakwirira-tembiricha dzekushambadzira dzeSilicon nitride.
Catalytic Chemistry
Mumakemikari engineering, Scandium inowanzoshandiswa seCaticalst, nepo Sc2o3 inogona kushandiswa kune kushomeka uye deoxidation of ethanol kana isopropanol, uye kugadzirwa kweiyo ethylene kubva kuCO uye H2. Iyo PT Al Catalyst ine SC2O3 zvakare inochengeterwa zvikepe zvakakosha zvehurema hwemafuta hydrogenation kuchenesa uye kunatsa maitiro mune petrochemical indasitiri. MuCathertic Cracking maitiro akadai secumene, chiitiko cheSc-Y Zeolite Catalyst ndeye 1000 times yakakwira kupfuura iyo yeAluminium Siltice Catalyst; Kuenzaniswa nedzimwe tsika dzetsika, tarisiro dzekusimudzira dzezviratidzo zveshuwa zvichave zvakajeka kwazvo.
Indireya Inissti yeNyadza
Kuwedzera madiki madiki eSc2o3 kuUO2 muUO2 mune yakakwira-tembiricha yekudzidzira mafuta inogona kudzivirira shanduko yeLatsi, uye kupaza kwakakonzerwa neUO2 kusvika U3O8 kushandurwa.
Fuel Cell
Saizvozvo, kuwedzera 2.5% kusvika 25% Scanduum kuNickerl Alkali mabhatiri anozowedzera hupenyu hwavo hwebasa.
Kubhururuka kwekurima
Mukurima, mhou dzakadai sechibage, beet, pea, gorosi uye sunflower sulfate (iyo kakawanda Mushure memaawa masere, huremu hwakaoma hwemarara uye maBuds akawedzera kusvika 37% uye 78% zvichiteerana nembeu, asi michina ichiri kudzidza.
Kubva kuNielen nekuda kwechikwereti cheatomu yeAtomi kusvika nhasi, Scandium yakapinda chiratidzo chevanhu makore zana nemakumi maviri, asi zvakada kugara pabhenji kwemakore zana. Yakanga isiri kusvika pakuvandudzwa kwakasimba kwesainzi yemidziyo mukupera kwapera kwapera kuti yakaunza simba kwaari. Nhasi, zvinhu zvisingawanzoitika, zvinosanganisira scandium musainzi yemhando, vachiridza hupfumi muzviuru zvemasisitimu, zvichikurudzira zvakanyanya kuhupenyu hwedu mazuva ese, uye kugadzira kukosha kwehupfumi kunonyanya kuoma kuyerwa kuyerwa.
Tumira nguva: Jun-29-2023