Neodymium, chikamu 60 cheperiodic table.
Neodymium inosanganiswa nepraseodymium, ese ari Lanthanide ane zvimiro zvakafanana. Muna 1885, mushure mekunge nyanzvi yemakemikari yeSweden Mosander awana musanganiswa welanthanumuye praseodymium uye neodymium, veAustria Welsbach vakabudirira kupatsanura marudzi maviri e“pasi risingawanzoitiki”: neodymium oxide uye.praseodymium oxide, ndokuzoparadzananeodymiumuyepraseodymiumkubva kwavari.
Neodymium, sirivheri chena simbi ine inoshanda makemikari zvimiro, inogona kukurumidza oxidize mumhepo; Zvakafanana nepraseodymium, inobata zvishoma nezvishoma mumvura inotonhora uye inokurumidza kuburitsa hydrogen gasi mumvura inopisa. Neodymium ine yakaderera zviri mukati mePasi uye inonyanya kuwanikwa mumonazite uye bastnaesite, nekuwanda kwayo kwechipiri kune cerium.
Neodymium yainyanya kushandiswa seruvara mugirazi muzana ramakore re19. Rinineodymium oxideyakanyungudutswa kuita girazi, yaizoburitsa mimvuri yakasiyana siyana kubva papingi inodziya kusvika kublue zvichienderana nechiedza chechiedza. Usarerutsa girazi rakakosha reiyoni yeneodymium inonzi "neodymium glass". Ndiwo "moyo" we lasers, uye hunhu hwayo hunotaridza zvakananga kugona uye mhando yelaser mudziyo unobuda simba. Parizvino inozivikanwa selaser inoshanda svikiro paPasi iyo inogona kuburitsa iyo yakanyanya simba. Iyo neodymium ions mugirazi neodymium ndiyo kiyi yekumhanya uchikwira nekudzika mu "skyscraper" yemazinga esimba uye kugadzira iyo yakanyanya simba laser panguva yekuchinja kukuru, iyo inogona kukwidziridza isingaite nanojoule level 10-9 laser simba kusvika padanho re iyo "zuva diki". Iyo yakakura kwazvo pasi rose neodymium girazi laser fusion mudziyo, iyo National Ignition Chishandiso cheUnited States, yakasimudza inoramba ichinyunguduka tekinoroji yegirazi reneodymium kusvika padanho idzva uye yakanyorwa semashura manomwe epamusoro etekinoroji munyika. Muna 1964, iyo Shanghai Institute of Optics uye Fine Mechanics yeChinese Academy yeSainzi yakatanga tsvakiridzo pamatekinoroji mana akakosha ekuramba achinyunguduka, kunyatsoita annealing, kupepeta uye kuyedzwa kwegirazi reneodymium. Mushure memakumi emakore ekuongorora, kubudirira kukuru kwakazoitwa mumakore gumi apfuura. Chikwata chaHu Lili ndicho chekutanga munyika kuziva iyo Shanghai yakanyanya kusimba uye yekupedzisira pfupi laser mudziyo ine gumi watt laser kubuda. Mhedzisiro yaro ndeyekuziva kiyi tekinoroji yehukuru-hukuru uye yakakwirira-inoshanda laser Nd girazi batch kugadzira. Naizvozvo, iyo Chinese Academy yeScience Shanghai Institute of Optics uye Precision Machinery yave yekutanga institution munyika kuti yazvimiririra kugona yakazara maitiro ekugadzira tekinoroji yelaser Nd girazi zvikamu.
Neodymium inogona kushandiswawo kuita kuti magineti ane simba asingaperi azivikanwe - neodymium iron boron alloy. Neodymium iron boron alloy waive mubairo unorema wakapihwa neJapan muma1980s kutyora hutongi hweGeneral Motors muUnited States. Musayendisiti wemazuva ano Masato Zuokawa akagadzira rudzi rutsva rwemagineti echigarire, inova magineti alloy anoumbwa nezvinhu zvitatu: neodymium, iron, uye boron. MaChina masayendisiti akagadzirawo nzira nyowani yekupisa, vachishandisa induction heat sintering pachinzvimbo chechinyakare sintering uye kupisa kupisa, kuwana sintering density inopfuura 95% yeiyo theoretical kukosha kwemagineti, iyo inogona kudzivirira zvakanyanya kukura kwezviyo zvemagineti, kupfupisa. kutenderera kwekugadzira, uye nenzira imwecheteyo kuderedza mutengo wekugadzira.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-01-2023