Nekuda kwekugovera ketani uye nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza, dhipatimendi reTesla powertrain riri kushanda nesimba kubvisa magineti epasi asingawanzo kubva kumamotor uye riri kutsvaga dzimwe mhinduro.
Tesla haisati yagadzira nyowani nyowani magineti, saka inogona kuita nehunyanzvi huripo, ingangove uchishandisa yakachipa uye inogadzirwa nyore ferrite.
Nekunyatsoisa magineti eferrite uye kugadzirisa mamwe maficha ekugadzira mota, akawanda ekuita zviratidzo zverare pasidrive motors inogona kudzokororwa. Muchiitiko ichi, uremu hwemotokari hunongowedzera ne30%, iyo inogona kunge iri mutsauko muduku kana uchienzaniswa nehuremu hwese hwemotokari.
4. Zvishandiso zvitsva zvemagineti zvinoda kuve neanotevera maitiro matatu ekutanga: 1) zvinoda kuve nemagineti; 2) Ramba uchichengetedza magnetism pamberi pemamwe magineti minda; 3) Inogona kumira kutonhora kwakanyanya.
Sekureva kweTencent Technology News, mugadziri wemotokari yemagetsi Tesla akataura kuti zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi hazvichashandiswa mumamotor emota, izvo zvinoreva kuti mainjiniya aTesla achafanirwa kuburitsa zvizere hunyanzvi hwavo mukutsvaga dzimwe nzira.
Mwedzi wapera, Elon Musk akaburitsa "Chikamu chechitatu cheChirongwa cheTenzi" pachiitiko cheTesla Investor Day. Pakati pavo, pane diki diki iro rakakonzera manzwiro mumunda wefizikisi. Colin Campbell, mukuru mukuru mudhipatimendi reTesla powertrain, akazivisa kuti timu yake iri kubvisa magineti epasi asingawanzo kubva kumamotor nekuda kwenyaya dzekutengesa uye kukanganisa kwakashata kwekugadzira magineti epasi asingawanzo.
Kuti azadzise chinangwa ichi, Campbell akaratidza masiraidhi maviri anosanganisira zvinhu zvitatu zvisinganzwisisike zvakanyorwa nekuchenjera sepasi risingawanzo 1, rare earth 2, uye rare earth 3. Slide yekutanga inomiririra mamiriro ezvinhu aTesla iye zvino, uko kuwanda kwepasi risingawanzoshandiswa nekambani mumotokari imwe neimwe. kubva pahafu yekirogiramu kusvika ku10 gramu. Pasiraidhi rechipiri, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvose zvisingawanzoitiki zvepasi kwakaderedzwa kusvika pazero.
Kune vanoongorora magineti vanodzidza simba remashiripiti rinogadzirwa nemagetsi kufamba mune zvimwe zvinhu, kuzivikanwa kwepasi risingawanzo 1 kunoonekwa nyore, inova neodymium. Kana yawedzerwa kune zvakajairika zvinhu zvakaita sesimbi neboron, iyi simbi inogona kubatsira kugadzira yakasimba, nguva dzose pane magineti. Asi zvinhu zvishoma zvine hunhu uhu, uye kunyange zvishoma zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi zvinogadzira magineti anogona kufambisa mota dzeTesla dzinorema kupfuura 2000 kilogiramu, pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda kubva kumarobhoti eindasitiri kuenda kujeti dzehondo. Kana Tesla akaronga kubvisa neodymium uye zvimwe zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi kubva mumotokari, iyo magineti yaachashandisa panzvimbo?
Kune vefizikisi, chinhu chimwe ndechechokwadi: Tesla haana kugadzira rudzi rutsva rwemagineti. Andy Blackburn, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weDhipatimendi kuNIron Magnets, akati, "Mumakore anopfuura zana, tinogona kungove nemikana mishoma yekuwana magineti matsva ebhizinesi." NIron Magnets ndeimwe yevashoma vanotanga kuyedza kutora unotevera mukana.
Blackburn nevamwe vanotenda kuti zvinowanzoitika kuti Tesla afunga kuita nemagineti asina simba. Pakati pezvakawanda zvinogoneka, mumiriri ari pachena ndeye ferrite: ceramic inoumbwa nesimbi uye okisijeni, yakasanganiswa nediki simbi senge strontium. Izvo zviri zviviri zvakachipa uye zviri nyore kugadzira, uye kubvira kuma1950s, magonhi efiriji pasi rose akagadzirwa nenzira iyi.
Asi maererano nehuwandu, iyo magnetism yeferrite inongova chikamu chegumi cheiyo neodymium magnets, iyo inomutsa mibvunzo mitsva. Tesla CEO Elon Musk agara achizivikanwa nekusagadzikana, asi kana Tesla achizoenda kune ferrite, zvinoita sekunge kumwe kutenderwa kunofanirwa kuitwa.
Zviri nyore kutenda kuti mabhatiri isimba remotokari dzemagetsi, asi muchokwadi, kutyaira kwemagetsi kunotyaira mota dzemagetsi. Hazvina tsanga kuti zvese Tesla Kambani uye iyo magineti unit "Tesla" yakatumidzwa zita remunhu mumwechete. Kana maerekitironi achiyerera nemumakoiri ari mumotor, anoburitsa magineti emagetsi anotyaira simba remagineti rakapesana, zvichiita kuti shaft yemota itenderere nemavhiri.
Kune mavhiri ekumashure emota dzeTesla, masimba aya anopihwa nemamotor ane magineti echigarire, chinhu chinoshamisa chine simba remagineti rakagadzikana uye pasina zvino kupinza, nekuda kwehungwaru kutenderera kwemaerekitironi kwakatenderedza maatomu. Tesla akangotanga kuwedzera aya magineti kumotokari makore mashanu apfuura, kuitira kuti awedzere huwandu uye kuwedzera torque pasina kukwidziridza bhatiri. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, kambani yakashandisa induction motors anogadzirwa akatenderedza magetsi, ayo anoburitsa magineti nekushandisa magetsi. Iwo mamodheru ane mota dzemberi achiri kushandisa iyi modhi.
Kufamba kwaTesla kusiya mavhu asingawanzo uye magineti kunoratidzika kunge kunoshamisa. Makambani emotokari anowanzo funga nezvekushanda, kunyanya munyaya yemotokari yemagetsi, uko ivo vachiri kuedza kunyengetedza vatyairi kuti vakunde kutya kwavo kwehuwandu. Asi sezvo vagadziri vemotokari vanotanga kuwedzera huwandu hwekugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi, mapurojekiti mazhinji aimboonekwa seasina kunyatsoshanda ari kusimuka.
Izvi zvakaita kuti vagadziri vemotokari, kusanganisira Tesla, vagadzire mota dzakawanda vachishandisa lithium iron phosphate (LFP) mabhatiri. Kuenzaniswa nemabhatiri ane zvinhu zvakaita secobalt uye nickel, mamodheru aya anowanzo aine mapfupi. Iyi ndiyo tekinoroji yekare ine huremu hukuru uye yakaderera kuchengetedza. Parizvino, Model 3 inofambiswa nesimba rakaderera-inomhanya ine makiromita 272 (anenge makiromita 438), nepo Model S iri kure yakashongedzerwa nemabhatiri epamberi inogona kusvika 400 mamaira (640 makiromita). Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwe lithium iron phosphate bateri inogona kuva sarudzo yebhizimisi inonzwisisika, nokuti inodzivisa kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinodhura uye kunyange zvematongerwe enyika zvine ngozi.
Nekudaro, Tesla haafanire kungotsiva magineti nechimwe chinhu chakaipisisa, senge ferrite, pasina kuita chero imwe shanduko. Nyanzvi yefizikisi yepaYunivhesiti yeUppsala Alaina Vishna akati, “Uchatakura magineti hombe mumotokari yako. Neraki, mota dzemagetsi dzakaomarara michina ine zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kurongeka patsva kuti kuderedze kukanganisa kwekushandisa magineti asina simba.
Mumhando dzemakomputa, kambani yemidziyo Proterial nguva pfupi yadarika yakaratidza kuti akawanda ekuita zviratidzo zveasingawanzo pasi dhiraivha motors anogona kudzokororwa nekunyatsoisa magineti eferrite uye kugadzirisa zvimwe zvinhu zvekugadzira mota. Muchiitiko ichi, uremu hwemotokari hunongowedzera ne30%, iyo inogona kunge iri mutsauko muduku kana uchienzaniswa nehuremu hwese hwemotokari.
Zvisinei nekurwadza kwemusoro uku, makambani emotokari achine zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekusiya zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi, chero vachigona kudaro. Kukosha kwemusika wepasi rose isingawanzofanana nemusika wezai muUnited States, uye nedzidziso, zvisingawanzo pasi zvinhu zvinogona kucherwa, kugadziriswa, uye kushandurwa kuita magineti pasi rese, asi muchokwadi, maitiro aya anopa matambudziko mazhinji.
Muongorori wezvicherwa uye ane mukurumbira asingawanzo kucherechedza pasi blogger Thomas Krumer akati, “Iyi iindasitiri inosvika mabhiriyoni gumi emadhora, asi kukosha kwezvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa gore rega rega zvinotangira pamadhora matiririyoni maviri kusvika pamadhora 3 tiririyoni, inova chibatiso chikuru. Zvimwe chetezvo kumotokari. Kunyangwe zviine makirogiramu mashoma echinhu ichi, kuzvibvisa zvinoreva kuti mota hadzichakwanisa kumhanya kunze kwekunge wada kugadzirazve injini yese.
IUnited States neEurope dziri kuyedza kusiyanisa ichi cheni. Migodhi isingawanzo kuCalifornia, iyo yakavharwa mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi21, ichangobva kuvhurwa uye parizvino inopa 15% yepasirese zviwanikwa zvepasi. MuUnited States, masangano ehurumende (kunyanya Dhipatimendi reDziviriro) anofanirwa kupa magineti ane simba emidziyo yakaita sendege nemasatelliti, uye vane shungu nekudyara mari mumaketani ekugovera munyika uye mumatunhu akaita seJapan neEurope. Asi tichifunga nezve mutengo, tekinoroji inodiwa, uye nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza, iyi idanho rinononoka rinogona kugara kwemakore akati wandei kana makumi emakore.
Nguva yekutumira: May-11-2023