Erbium, nhamba yeatomu 68, iri muchikamu chechitanhatu chemakemikari periodic tafura, lanthanide (IIIB boka) nhamba 11, atomic uremu 167.26, uye zita rechinhu rinobva kunzvimbo yekuwana yttrium pasi.
Erbiumine zvinyorwa zve 0.000247% mu crust uye inowanikwa mune dzakawandarare pasizvicherwa. Inowanikwa mumatombo egneous uye inogona kuwanikwa ne electrolysis uye kunyunguduka kweErCl3. Inogara pamwe nezvimwe zvakakwirira-density zvisingawanzo pasi zvinhu mu yttrium phosphate uye demarare pasigoridhe deposits.
Ionicrare pasizvicherwa: Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan, Guangxi, nezvimwewo muChina. Phosphorus yttrium ore: Malaysia, Guangxi, Guangdong, China. Monazite: Nzvimbo dzemahombekombe eAustralia, nzvimbo dzemahombekombe eIndia, Guangdong, China, uye nzvimbo dzemahombekombe eTaiwan.
Discovering History
Yakawanikwa muna 1843
Discovery process: Yakawanikwa naCG Mosander muna 1843. Akatumidza zita rekuti oxide yeerbium terbium oxide, saka mumabhuku ekutanga,terbium oxideuyeerbium oxidezvakasanganiswa. Kwakanga kusati kuri kutozosvikira pashure pa1860 apo kururamiswa kwakanga kuri madikanwa.
Munguva imwecheteyo nekuwanikwa kwelanthanum, Mossander akaongorora uye akadzidza yttrium yakatanga kuwanikwa, uye akaburitsa chirevo muna 1842, achijekesa kuti yttrium pasi yakatanga kuwanikwa yakanga isiri imwe elemental oxide, asi oxide yezvinhu zvitatu. Akatumidza mumwe wavo kuti yttrium nyika, uye mumwe wavo erbia (erbiumpasi). Chiratidzo chechinhu chinosarudzwa seEr. Kuwanikwa kweerbium uye zvimwe zvinhu zviviri,lanthanumuyeterbium, akavhura gonhi rechipiri rekuwanikwa kwerare pasizvinhu, zvichiratidza chikamu chechipiri chekuwanikwa kwavo. Kuwanikwa kwavo kwaive kuwanikwa kwevataturare pasizvinhu mushure mezvinhu zviviriceriumuyeyttrium.
Electron configuration
Magadzirirwo emagetsi:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f12
Iyo yekutanga ionization simba ndeye 6.10 electron volts. Iwo emakemikari uye emuviri zvimiro zvakada kufanana neaya eholmium uye dysprosium.
Iwo isotopes eerbium anosanganisira: 162Er, 164Er, 166Er, 167Er, 168Er, 170Er.
Metal
Erbiumisimbi chena yesirivha, yakapfava mukugadzirwa, isinganyungudika mumvura uye inonyungudika mumaasidhi. Minyu nemaokisi zvakapingi kusvika kutsvuku muruvara. Kunyungudika 1529 ° C, kubikira nzvimbo 2863 ° C, density 9.006 g/cm ³.
Erbiumis antiferromagnetic pane tembiricha yakaderera, yakasimba ferromagnetic padyo neabsolute zero, uye iri superconductor.
Erbiuminoiswa oxidized nemhepo nemvura patembiricha yemumba, zvichikonzera ruvara rutsvuku.
Application:
oxide yayoEr2O3iruvara dzvuku rerose rinoshandiswa kugadzira hari inopenya.Erbium oxideinoshandiswa muindasitiri yeceramic kugadzira pink enamel.
Erbiuminewo mamwe maapplication muindasitiri yenyukireya uye inogona kushandiswa sechikamu chealloy kune mamwe masimbi. Somuenzaniso, dopingerbiummu vanadium inogona kuwedzera ductility yayo.
Parizvino, inonyanya kushandiswa kushandiswaerbiumiri mukugadzirwa kweerbiumdoped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). The bait doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) yakatanga kugadzirwa neYunivhesiti yeSouthampton muna 1985. Ndiyo imwe yezvigadzirwa zvikuru mufiber optic communication uye inogona kutonzi ndiyo "gas station" yemazuva ano ruzivo rurefu rwenzira huru.Erbiumdoped fiber ndiyo musimboti weamplifier nekuita doping shoma shoma shoma yepasi element erbium ions (Er3+) muquartz fiber. Doping makumi kusvika kumazana ppm yeerbium mune optical fibers inogona kubhadhara kurasikirwa kwemaziso mumasisitimu ekutaurirana.Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers yakafanana ne "pombi station" yechiedza, inobvumira masaini ekuona kuti afambiswe pasina kudzikisira kubva kune chiteshi kuenda kune chiteshi, nekudaro kuvhura zvakanaka nzira yetekinoroji yemazuva ano kure-kure, hukuru, uye yakakwirira-kumhanya fiber optic kutaurirana. .
Imwe hotspot yekushandisa yeerbiumiri laser, kunyanya seyekurapa laser zvinhu.ErbiumLaser is solid-state pulse laser ine wavelength ye2940nm, inogona kunyudzwa zvine simba nemamorekuru emvura mumatishu evanhu, ichiwana mhedzisiro yakakosha nesimba shoma. Inogona kucheka, kukuya, uye kubvisa matishu akapfava. Erbium YAG laser inoshandiswawo kubvisa cataract.Erbiumlaser therapy michina iri kuvhura inowedzera yakafara minda yekushandisa yekuvhiya laser.
Erbiuminogona zvakare kushandiswa seyo activating ion ye isingawanzo pasi upconversion laser zvinhu.ErbiumLaser upconversion zvinhu zvinogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: crystal imwe (fluoride, munyu ine oxygen) uye girazi (fiber), senge erbium-doped yttrium aluminate (YAP: Er3+) makristasi uye Er3+doped ZBLAN fluoride (ZrF4-BaF2- LaF3-AlF3-NaF) girazi fibers, izvo zvave zvichishanda. BaYF5: Yb3+, Er3+ inogona kushandura mwenje we infrared kuita mwenje unooneka, uye iyi multiphoton upconversion luminescent zvinhu yakashandiswa zvinobudirira mumidziyo yekuona husiku.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-25-2023