Gadolinium zirconate(Gd₂Zr₂O₇), inozivikanwawo se zirconate gadolinium, isingawanzo-earth oxide ceramic inokosheswa nekudzikira kwayo kwekupisa kwekupisa uye kugadzikana kwemafuta. Nemashoko akareruka, i“super-insulator” pakupisa kwakanyanya – kupisa hakuyerere mazviri nyore. Ichi chivakwa chinoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), inodzivirira injini uye turbine zvikamu kubva pakupisa kwakanyanya. Sezvo nyika inosundidzira kusimba rakachena, rinoshanda rakawanda, zvinhu zvakaita segadolinium zirconate zviri kuwedzera kutariswa: zvinobatsira injini kumhanya zvakanyanya uye zvine hungwaru, kupisa mafuta mashoma uye kuderedza zvinobuda.
Chii chinonzi Gadolinium Zirconate?
Kemikari, gadolinium zirconate i pyrochlore-structured ceramic: ine gadolinium (Gd) uye zirconium (Zr) cations yakarongwa mutatu-dimensional lattice ine oxygen. Maitiro ayo anowanzo kunyorwa kuti Gd₂Zr₂O₇ (kana dzimwe nguva Gd₂O₃·ZrO₂). Iyi kristaro yakarairwa (pyrochlore) inogona kushandura kuita yakawedzera kusagadzikana fluorite chimiro pane yakanyanya tembiricha (~ 1530 ° C). Zvakakosha, imwe neimwe fomula unit ine nzvimbo yeokisijeni - atomu yeokisijeni inoshaikwa - iyo inoparadzira zvakanyanya maphononi anotakura kupisa. Icho chimiro chechimiro ndicho chikonzero chimwe chikonzero gadolinium zirconate ichiitisa kupisa zvakanyanya zvishoma pane zvakajairika ceramics.
Epomaterial nevamwe vatengesi vanogadzira yakakwirira-kuchena Gd₂Zr₂O₇ poda (kazhinji 99.9% yakachena, CAS 11073-79-3) zvakanangana neTBC application. Semuenzaniso, peji yechigadzirwa cheEpomaterial inosimbisa "Gadolinium Zirconate is oxide-based ceramic ine low thermal conductivity" inoshandiswa muplasma-spray TBCs. Tsanangudzo dzakadaro dzinosimbisa kuti iyo yakaderera-κ hunhu ndiyo yakakosha pakukosha kwayo. (Chokwadi, rondedzero yeEpomaterial ye "Zirconate Gadolinium (GZO)" poda inoiratidza sechena, oxide-based thermal spray material.)
Sei Yakaderera Thermal Conductivity Inokosha?
Thermal conductivity (κ) inoyera kuti kupisa kunoyerera nyore sei kuburikidza nechinhu. Gadolinium zirconate's κ inokatyamadza yakaderera kune ceramic, kunyanya pakudziya kweinjini-kufanana. Zvidzidzo zvinoshuma kukosha pahurongwa hwe1–2 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ panosvika 1000 °C. Zvechinyorwa, zvakajairwa yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) - makumi emakore ekare TBC mwero - ingangoita 2–3 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ patembiricha yakafanana. Mune chimwe chidzidzo, Wu et al. yakawana maitiro eGd₂Zr₂O₇ ari ~1.6 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ pa700 °C, maringe ne ~2.3 yeYSZ pasi pemamiriro akafanana. Mumwe mushumo unoratidza huwandu hwe1.0–1.8 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ pa1000 °C yegadolinium zirconate, “yakaderera pane YSZ”. Mukutaura, izvi zvinoreva kuti GdZr₂O₇ layer icharegedza kupisa kushoma kudarika imwe yakaenzana neYSZ layer patembiricha yepamusoro - mukana wakakura wekudzivirira.
Mabhenefiti Akakosha eGadolinium Zirconate (Gd₂Zr₂O₇):
Ultra-low thermal conductivity: ~1–2 W/m·K pa700–1000 °C, zvakanyanya pasi peYSZ.
Kugadzikana kwechikamu chepamusoro: Inogara yakatsiga kusvika ~ 1500 °C, kureba pamusoro peYSZ's ~ 1200 °C muganhu.
Kuwedzera kwekushisa kwepamusoro: Kunowedzera zvakanyanya pakupisa kupfuura YSZ, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kushushikana mumachira.
Oxidation uye corrosion resistance: Inogadzira zvikamu zvakagadzikana zve oxide; inopikisa kunyungudutswa kweCMAS deposits zviri nani pane YSZ (zvisingawanzo-earth zirconates zvinowanzoita ne silicate deposits uye kugadzira makristasi anodzivirira).
Eco-impact: Nekuvandudza injini / turbine kunyatsoita, inobatsira kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta uye kuburitsa.
Chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi chinosungirirana nekugadzirisa simba uye kusimba. Nekuda kwekuti GdZr₂O₇ inodzivirira zvirinani, injini dzinoda kutonhora zvishoma uye dzinogona kumhanya zvakanyanya, zvichishandura zvakananga mukunyatsoshanda uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta. Sezvinoitwa neUniversity yeVirginia kudzidza, kuita zvirinani kweTBC kunoreva kupisa "mafuta mashoma ekuburitsa simba rakafanana, zvichikonzera ... kuburitsa gasi regreenhouse". Muchidimbu, gadolinium zirconate inogona kubatsira michina kumhanya yakachena.
Thermal Conductivity mune Detail
Kupindura mubvunzo wakakosha "Chii chinonzi thermal conductivity ye gadolinium zirconate?": Yakadzikira zvakanyanya kune ceramic, ingangoita 1–2 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ mu700–1000 °C renji. Izvi zvakasimbiswa nezvidzidzo zvakawanda. Wu et al. report ≈1.6 W/m·K pa700 °C yeGd₂Zr₂O₇, nepo YSZ yakayera ≈2.3 pasi pemamiriro akafanana. Shen et al. cherechedza "1.0–1.8 W/m·K pa1000 °C". Mukupesana, kuita kweYSZ pa1000 °C kunowanzo kutenderera 2–3 W/m·K. Mumazuva ese, fungidzira maviri ekudzivirira mataira pachitofu chinopisa: iyo ine GdZr₂O₇ inochengeta kuseri kuchitonhorera zvakanyanya kupfuura YSZ tile yehukobvu hwakafanana.
Nei Gd₂Zr₂O₇ yakaderera zvakadaro? Chimiro chayo chekristaro chinotadzisa kupisa kuyerera. Nzvimbo dzeokisijeni muchikamu chega chega dzinoparadzira maphononi (zvinotakura zvinopisa), uye huremu hweatomu hwegadolinium hunowedzera kunyorovesa mavibrations. Sezvo rimwe bhuku rinotsanangura, "oxygen vacancy inowedzera kupararira kwephonon uye inoderedza kupisa kwemhepo". Vagadziri vanoshandisa chivakwa ichi: Epomaterial's catalogue manotsi GdZr₂O₇ inoshandiswa muplasma-yakapfapfaidza thermal barrier coatings kunyanya nekuda kwekuderera kwayo κ. Muchidimbu, microstructure yayo inobata kupisa mukati, ichidzivirira pasi pesimbi.
Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) uye Zvishandiso
Thermal barrier coatingsmaceramic layers akaiswa kune simbi zvikamu zvinotarisana nemagasi anopisa (semashizha eturbine). Nekutarisa nekudzivira kupisa, TBCs inoita kuti injini nematurbines zvishande patembiricha yepamusoro zvisinganyungudike. Gadolinium zirconate yakabuda seachizvarwa chinotevera cheTBC zvinhu, inoenderana kana kutsiva YSZ mumamiriro akanyanya. Zvikonzero zvakakosha zvinosanganisira kugadzikana kwayo uye insulation:
Kunyanya-tembiricha kuita:Gd₂Zr₂O₇'s pyrochlore-to-fluorite chikamu shanduko inoitika pedyo1530 °C, pamusoro peYSZ's ~1200 °C. Izvi zvinoreva kuti GdZr₂O₇ mabhanhire anoramba akasimba pakupisa kunopisa kwezvikamu zvinopisa zveturbine zvemazuva ano.
Resistance to hot corrosion:Miedzo inoratidza kuti zvisingawanzo-enyika zirconates seGdZr₂O₇ inopindirana nemarara einjini yakanyungudutswa (inonzi CMAS: calcium-magnesium-alumino-silicate) kuti iite zvisimbiso zvekristalline zvakagadzikana, kudzivirira kupindira kwakadzika. Ichi chinhu chikuru mumajini ejeti anobhururuka nemumadota anoputika kana jecha.
Layered coatings:Mainjiniya anowanzo batanidza GdZr₂O₇ neYSZ mune akawanda-layer stacks. Semuenzaniso, YSZ underlayer yakatetepa inogona kuvharira kuwedzera kwemafuta, ukuwo GdZr₂O₇ yepamusoro denga inopa yakakwirira insulation uye kugadzikana. Ma “double-layer” maTBC akadaro anogona kushandisa zvakanakisa zvezvinhu zviri zviviri.
Applications:Nekuda kwehunhu uhu, GdZr₂O₇ yakanakira injini dzechizvarwa chinotevera uye zvinhu zvemuchadenga. Vagadziri vejet injini uye vanogadzira maroketi vanoifarira, sezvo kushivirira kwekushisa kwakanyanya kunoreva kusunda uye kushanda nesimba. Muma turbines emagetsi ezvidyarwa zvemagetsi (kusanganisira ayo akabatanidzwa ane simba rinowanikwazve), kushandisa GdZr₂O₇ coatings kunogona kusvina simba rakawanda kubva muhuturu humwe. Semuyenzaniso, NASA inoona kuti kusvika pa “tembiricha yepamusoro inodiwa pakuwedzera kushanda kweinjini dzegasi,” YSZ haina kukwana, uye zvinhu zvakaita segadolinium zirconate zviri kudzidzwa pachinzvimbo.
Kunyangwe kupfuura maturbines, chero system inoda kuchengetedzwa kwekupisa pakupisa kwakanyanya inogona kubatsira. Izvi zvinosanganisira hypersonic ndege dzemotokari, injini dzemotokari dzepamusoro-soro, uye kunyange kuedza magetsi ezuva rinopisa magetsi apo chiedza chezuva chinonangana nekupisa kwakanyanya. Muchiitiko chimwe nechimwe, chinangwa chakafanana:insulate zvikamu zvinopisa kuti uvandudze kushanda zvakanaka. Kuisa zvirinani kunoreva kutonhora kushoma kunodiwa, maradiator madiki, madhizaini akareruka, uye zvakakosha, kupisa mafuta mashoma kana kushandisa simba shoma rekuisa.
Sustainability uye Energy Efficiency
Izvo zvakatipoteredza kumusoro kwegadolinium zirconateinobva mubasa rayokuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka uye kuderedza marara. Nekubvumidza mainjini nematurbines kuti afambe achipisa uye zvakanyanya kugadzikana, GdZr₂O₇ mabhanhire anobatsira zvakananga mukupisa mafuta mashoma ekubuda kumwe chete. Yunivhesiti yeVirginia inosimbisa kuti kuvandudza TBCs kunotungamirira "kupisa mafuta mashoma kuti abudise huwandu hwesimba, zvichikonzera ... kuderedzwa kwegasi regreenhouse". Mumashoko akareruka, chikamu chega chega chekubudirira chakawanikwa chinogona kududzira mumatani eCO₂ akachengetwa pamusoro pehupenyu hwemuchina.
Funga nezvendege: kana maturbines ayo achishanda zvakanaka 3-5% zvakanyanya, kuchengetedza kwemafuta (uye kuderedzwa kwekuburitsa) pamusoro pezviuru zvendege zvakakura. Saizvozvowo, zvidyarwa zvemagetsi - kunyangwe izvo zvinopisa gasi rechisikigo - zvinobatsira nekuti zvinogona kugadzira mamwe magetsi kubva kune yega cubic mita yemafuta. Kana magidhi emagetsi achisanganisa anovandudzwa neturbine backup, kuve nepamusoro-inoshanda turbines inotsvedzerera kudiwa kwepamusoro nemafuta mashoma akawedzerwa.
Kudivi revatengi, chero chinhu chinowedzera hupenyu hweinjini kana kuderedza kugadzirisa zvakare chine mhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza. MaTBC anoshanda epamusoro anogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwezvikamu zvinopisa, zvichireva kuti zvinotsiviwa zvishoma uye marara mashoma emumaindasitiri. Uye kubva pakuona kwekuenderera mberi, GdZr₂O₇ pachayo yakagadzikana mumakemikari (haizoparadze kana kuburitsa mhute ine muchetura), uye nzira dzazvino dzekugadzira dzinobvumira kudzokororwa kwehupfu hweceramic husina kushandiswa. (Chokwadi, gadolinium inyika isingawanzoitiki, saka kutsvagisa nekudzokorodza kwakakosha. Asi izvi ndezvechokwadi kune zvese zvemhando yepamusoro-tech, uye maindasitiri mazhinji ane dhizaini-cheni kutonga kune isingawanzo-pasi.)
Zvishandiso muGreen Technologies
Next-Generation Jet uye Ndege Injini:Injini dzemazuva ano uye dzeramangwana dzejeti dzinovavarira kugara-yakakwira kupisa tembiricha kuti ivandudze trust-to-weight ratios uye hupfumi hwemafuta. GdZr₂O₇ kugadzikana kwepamusoro uye yakaderera κ inotsigira zvakananga chinangwa ichi. Semuyenzaniso, jeti dzemauto dzepamusoro uye ndege dzepamusoro-soro dzekutengesa dzaikwanisa kuona kubudirira kubva kuGdZr₂O₇ TBCs.
Industrial and Power Gasi Turbines:Zvishandiso zvinoshandisa turbines hombe dzegasi kune peak simba uye kune zvakasanganiswa-kutenderera zvidyarwa. GdZr₂O₇ mabhanhire anobvumira maturbines aya kuti atore simba rakawanda kubva pane imwe neimwe peturu yemafuta, zvichireva kuti mamegawati akawanda ane mafuta mamwe chete kana megawatts mamwe ane mafuta mashoma. Uku kukwirisa kwakanaka kunobatsira kuderedza CO₂ paMWh yemagetsi.
Aerospace (Spacecraft uye Reentry Vehicles):Zvivharo zvemuchadenga nemaroketi zvinosangana nekupinda zvakare uye kutanga kupisa. Nepo GdZr₂O₇ isingashandiswe pane zvese izvi, inodzidzwa kuti ishandiswe mu hypersonic coatings emotokari uye mabhomba einjini ezvikamu zvekupisa zvakanyanya. Chero kunatsiridza kunogona kuderedza kutonhora zvinodiwa kana kushushikana kwezvinhu.
Green Energy Systems:Muzvidyarwa zvinopisa simba rezuva, magirazi anonangidzira chiedza chezuva pane zvinogamuchira zvinosvika 1000+ °C. Kupfekedza aya anogashira neakadzika-k ceramics seGdZr₂O₇ kunogona kuvandudza kuvharisa, zvichiita kuti solar-ku-magetsi shanduko ishande zvishoma. Zvakare, majenareta ekuyedza ethermoelectric (awo anoshandura kupisa zvakananga kumagetsi) anobatsirwa kana divi rawo rinopisa rikaramba richipisa.
Muzviitiko zvese izvi, thekwezvakatipoteredza kukanganisakunobva pakushandisa simba shoma (mafuta kana simba rekuisa) rebasa rimwe chete. Kunyanya kushanda zvakanaka nguva dzose kunoreva kudzikira kwetsvina kupisa uye nokudaro kushomeka kwekubuda kwekupihwa. Sekutaura kwakaita mumwe wesainzi wezvekushandisa, zviri nani zveTBC zvinhu zvakaita segadolinium zirconate ndizvo zvakakosha kune "ramangwana resimba rakasimba" nekugonesa maturbine nemainjini kuti afambe achitonhorera, agare kwenguva refu, uye ashande nemazvo.
Zvinokosha Zveunyanzvi
Gadolinium zirconate musanganiswa wezvivakwa wakasarudzika. Kupfupisa zvimwe zvakanakisa chokwadi:
Yakaderera κ, yakakwirira kunyungudika:Kunyungudika kwayo i ~ 2570 °C, asi tembiricha yayo inobatsira inoganhurwa nekugadzikana kwechikamu (~ 1500 ° C). Kunyangwe pazasi pekunyungudika, inoramba iri superb insulator.
Crystal chimiro:Ine apyrochlorelattice (nzvimbo boka Fd3m) inovayakaremara fluoritepakupisa kukuru. Iyi shanduko yakarairwa-ku-yakakanganiswa haidzikisi kuita kusvika pamusoro ~ 1200–1500 °C.
Kuwedzera kupisa:GdZr₂O₇ ine chepamusoro chekuwedzera kwemafuta ekuwedzera kupfuura YSZ. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira nekufananidza zvirinani simbi substrates uye kudzikisira njodzi yekutsemuka pakudziya.
Mechanical properties:Seceramic brittle, haina kunyanya kuoma - saka machira anowanzo shandisa iyo yakasanganiswa (semuenzaniso GdZr₂O₇ yakatetepa yekumusoro pamusoro peyakaomarara base layer).
Kugadzira:GdZr₂O₇ TBCs inogona kuiswa nenzira dzakajairika (atmospheric plasma spray, suspension plasma spray, EB-PVD). Vatengesi vakaita seEpomaterial vanopa GdZr₂O₇ poda yakanyatsogadzirirwa plasma spray.
Idzi tekinoroji ruzivo rwakaenzana nekuwanikwa: nepo gadolinium uye zirconium zviri "zvisingawanzo-yepasi" zvinhu, inokonzeresa oxide ine makemikari inert uye yakachengeteka kubata mukushandiswa kwakajairwa mumaindasitiri. (Kuchenjerera kunogara kuchiitwa kudzivirira kufemerwa kwehupfu hwakatsetseka, asi Gd₂Zr₂O₇ haina njodzi kupfuura mamwe oxide ceramics.)
Mhedziso
Zirconate gadolinium(Gd₂Zr₂O₇) inotungamira-kumucheto ceramic zvinhu zvinosanganiswakusimba kwepamusoro-tembirichapamwezvakasarudzika yakaderera thermal conductivity. Hunhu uhwu hunoita kuti ive yakanaka kune yepamusoro-yekupisa inovharira machira mune aerospace, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, uye mamwe maapplication ekupisa. Nekugonesa tembiricha yepamusoro yekushandisa uye nekunatsiridza kweinjini kushanda zvakanaka, gadolinium zirconate inobatsira zvakananga kukuchengetedza simba uye kudzikisira emission - zvibodzwa zviri pamoyo wetekinoroji yakasimba. Mukufambisa kweinjini dzakasvibirira nematurbines, zvinhu zvakaita seGdZr₂O₇ zvinotamba basa rakakosha: zvinotibvumidza kusundira miganhu yekushanda tichicheka nharaunda yedu.
Kune mainjiniya uye masayendisiti ezvezvinhu, gadolinium zirconate yakakodzera kutarisa. Kupisa kwayo (kutenderedza 1–2 W/m·K pa ~ 1000 °C) iri pakati peyakaderera kune chero ceramic, asi inokwanisa kumirisana nekupisa kwakanyanya kwematurbine echizvarwa chinotevera. Vatengesi (kusanganisira Epomaterial'szirconate gadolinium (GZO) 99.9%chigadzirwa) vari kutopa ichi chinyorwa chemafuta ekupfapfaidza machira, zvichiratidza kukura kwekushandiswa kwemaindasitiri. Sezvo kudiwa kunokwira kweakachena ndege uye masisitimu emagetsi, gadolinium zirconate yakasarudzika chiyero chezvivakwa - inodzivirira kupisa uchitsungirira - ndizvo chaizvo zvinodiwa.
KwakabvaZvidzidzo zvakaongororwa nevezera uye zvinyorwa zveindasitiri pane zvisingawanzo pasi pyrochlores uye TBCs. (Epomaterial's product listing for Gd₂Zr₂O₇ inopa humbowo hwezvinhu.) Izvi zvinosimbisa hutsika hwekupisa kwekupisa uye zvinosimbisa zvakanakira kuenderera mberi kwezvinhu zveTBC zvemberi.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-04-2025