Nhanganyaya Yekushandiswa kweRare Earths
Zvinhu zvisingawanzo zvepasi zvinozivikanwa se "industrial mavhitaminzi", ine isingadzoreki yakanakisa magineti, yekuona uye yemagetsi zvivakwa, kuvandudza mashandiro echigadzirwa, kuwedzera chigadzirwa chakasiyana, kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwakanaka kwaita basa rakakura. Nekuda kwebasa rakakura repasi risingawanzo, kushandiswa kwezvidiki, kwave chinhu chakakosha kuvandudza chimiro chechigadzirwa, kuvandudza zvesainzi uye tekinoroji, kukurudzira kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji muindasitiri, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumetallurgy, mauto, petrochemical, magirazi ekeramics, zvekurima uye zvinhu zvitsva nezvimwe minda.
Metallurgical industry
Rare pasi vanakomana nemasisita vakashandiswa mumunda wesimbi kweanopfuura makore 30, uye vakagadzira yakakura tekinoroji uye tekinoroji, isingawanzo pasi musimbi, isina-ferrous simbi, inzvimbo yakakura, ine tarisiro yakafara. Rare pasi simbi kana fluoride, silicate yakawedzerwa kusimbi, inogona kuita basa rekunatsa, desulfurization, yepakati uye yakaderera nzvimbo yekunyungudika inokuvadza tsvina, uye inogona kuvandudza mashandiro esimbi; Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari, tirakita, injini yedhiziri uye mamwe maindasitiri ekugadzira michina, isingawanzo pasi simbi yakawedzerwa kune magnesium, aruminiyamu, mhangura, zingi, nickel uye mamwe asiri-ferrous alloys, anogona kuvandudza muviri uye makemikari zvimiro zvealloys, uye kuvandudza tembiricha yemukamuri uye tembiricha yakakwira michina yealloys.
Nekuti mapasi asingawanzo ane hunhu hwakanaka hwemuviri senge optical uye electromagnetic, anogona kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvine akasiyana zvivakwa uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvimwe zvinhu, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kunaka uye kuita kwezvimwe zvigadzirwa. Naizvozvo, pane zita re "goridhe reindasitiri". Chekutanga, kuwedzera kwepasi risingawanzo kuvandudza kushandiswa kwematangi, ndege, zvombo zvinokandwa, simbi, aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy tactical performance. Uye zvakare, zvisingawanzo pasi zvinogona zvakare kushandiswa semagetsi, lasers, indasitiri yenyukireya, superconducting uye mamwe akawanda epamusoro-tech lubricant. Tekinoroji yepasi isingawanzo, kana yakamboshandiswa muchiuto, ichaunza kusimukira kwesainzi neruzivo rwechiuto. Neimwe nzira, kutonga kukuru kwemauto eUS kwehondo dzemuno mushure meCold War, pamwe nekugona kuuraya muvengi zvisina muganhu uye neruzhinji, imhaka yekirasi yayo isingawanzo hunyanzvi hwepasi.
Petrochemicals
Rare earths inogona kushandiswa mumunda we petrochemical kuita ma molecular sieve catalysts, ine basa rakakwirira, sarudzo yakanaka, kupikisa kwakasimba kune heavy metal chepfu uye zvimwe zvakanakira, nokudaro kutsiva aluminium silicate catalysts ye petroleum catalytic cracking process; Kurapa kwayo gasi vhoriyamu yakakura kakapetwa ka1.5 pane iyo nickel aluminium catalyst, mukugadzira shunbutyl rabha uye isoprene rabha, kushandiswa kwecyclane acid isingawanzo pasi - matatu isobutyl aluminium catalyst, yakawana kuita kwechigadzirwa kwakanaka, ine midziyo shoma inorembera glue, yakagadzikana kushanda, pfupi mushure mekurapa; zvichingoenda zvakadaro.
Girazi ceramics
Huwandu hwemashandisirwo epasi isingawanzo muChina chegirazi uye indasitiri yeceramic yave kuwedzera paavhareji ye25% kubva 1988, ichisvika matani angangosvika zana nemakumi matanhatu muna 1998, uye isingawanzo girazi repasi ceramics handizvo chete zvechinyakare zvinhu zveindasitiri nehupenyu, asiwo nhengo huru dzenzvimbo yepamusoro-soro. Rare Earth oxides kana kugadziridzwa isingawanzo kugadzirwa pasi pevhu inogona kushandiswa sehupfu hwekupukuta hunoshandiswa zvakanyanya mugirazi remaziso, magirazi ekuona, machubhu ekufungidzira, oscilloscopetubes, girazi rakatsetseka, plastiki uye simbi tableware polishing; Kuti ubvise ruvara rwegirinhi kubva mugirazi, kuwedzera kweasingawanzo pasi oxides kunogona kuburitsa akasiyana mashandisiro egirazi remaziso uye girazi rakakosha, kusanganisira kuburikidza ne infrared, UV-absorbing girazi, asidhi uye inodzivirira kupisa girazi, X-ray-proof girazi, nezvimwewo, mu ceramic uye enamel kuwedzera isingawanzo pasi, inogona kuderedza kuputika kwegirazi, uye inogona kushandiswa muindasitiri inopenya, uye inogona kugadzira zvigadzirwa muindasitiri yakafararisa.
Agriculture
Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi zvinogona kuvandudza chlorophyll zvirimo muzvirimwa, kuwedzera photosynthesis, kukurudzira kukura kwemidzi, uye kuwedzera kunyudzwa kwechikafu chemidzi. Ivhu risingawanikwe rinogona kukurudzira kumera kwembeu, kuwedzera kumera kwembeu, uye kukurudzira kukura kwembeu. Pamusoro pemabasa makuru ari pamusoro, asi zvakare ane kugona kugadzira zvimwe zvirimwa kuti zviwedzere kupikisa zvirwere, kutonhora, kusanaya kwemvura. Nhamba huru yezvidzidzo zvakaratidzawo kuti kushandiswa kwehuwandu hwakakodzera hwezvinhu zvisingawanzo pasi zvinogona kukurudzira kutora, kutendeuka uye kushandiswa kwezvokudya mumiti. Kupfapfaidza pasi risingawanzo kuvandudza iyo Vc yemukati, yakazara shuga yemukati uye shuga-asidhi reshiyo yeapuro nemichero yecitrus, uye kusimudzira ruvara rwemichero uye precociousness. Inogona kuvharidzira simba rekufema panguva yekuchengetedza uye kuderedza chiyero chekuora.
Zvishandiso zvitsva
Rare earth ferrite boron permanent magnet material, ine high residual magnetism, high orthopedic force and high magnetic energy kuunganidza uye humwe hunhu, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemagetsi neaerospace uye inotyaira maturbine emhepo (kunyanya akakodzera kune offshore magetsi ekugadzira zvidyarwa); - Aluminium garnets uye niobium girazi rakagadzirwa kubva kuchena kwakakwirira zirconium inogona kushandiswa seyakasimba laser zvinhu; zvisingawanzo pasi boroncans zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzira cathodic zvinhu zvinobudiswa nemagetsi; niobium nickel simbi ichangobva kugadzirwa haidhirojeni yekuchengetedza zvinhu muma1970s; uye chromic acid ndeye tembiricha yakakwira thermoelectric zvinhu Parizvino, iyo superconducting zvinhu zvakagadzirwa neobium-based oxides nekuvandudzwa kweiyo niobium-yakavakirwa okisijeni zvinhu munyika inogona kuwana superconductors munzvimbo yemvura nitrogen tembiricha, iyo inoita pundutso mukuvandudza kwe superconducting zvinhu. Pamusoro pezvo, nyika isingawanzo shandiswawo zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakavheneka senge phosphors, yakagadziridzwa skrini phosphors, tri-color phosphors, photocopied light powders (asi nekuda kwemutengo wepamusoro wemitengo yepasi isingawanzo, saka kushandiswa kwemwenje kwakadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma), projekiti mahwendefa eterevhizheni uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi; Inogona kuwedzera kuburitsa kwayo ne5 kusvika 10%, muindasitiri yemachira, isingawanzo pasi chloride inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira makushe, kudhayiwa kwemvere, kudhaya mvere uye kudhaya kapeti, uye nyika isingawanzo shandiswa mumotokari catalytic converters kuderedza zvinosvibisa zvakanyanya muinjini inopedza gasi kuita isiri-chepfu makomisheni.
Mamwe maapplication
Zvisikwa zvepasi zvinhu zvinoshandiswawo mumhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa zvedhijitari zvinosanganisira zvinonzwika-zvinoonekwa, kutora mafoto, kutaurirana uye akasiyana emidziyo yedhijitari, kusangana nechigadzirwa chidiki, nekukurumidza, chakareruka, kushandisa nguva yakareba, kuchengetedza simba uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvinodiwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, yakashandiswawo kune simba rakasvibirira, kurapwa, kuchenesa mvura, kutakura uye mamwe minda.