1, Tsanangudzo yezvinhu zvenyukireya
Mupfungwa yakafara, zvinyorwa zvenyukireya ndiyo nguva yakajairika yezvinhu zvakasarudzika muindasitiri yesainzi uye inosanganisira zvigadzirwa zvehunhu nyukireya, kureva kuti isiri nyukireya mafuta zvinhu.
Izvo zvinowanzotaurwa nezvinhu zvenyukireya zvinonyanya kureva zvinhu zvinoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzeanoshanda, dzinozivikanwa sezvinhu zvekutanga. Zvishandiso zveKutora zvinosanganisira mafuta enyulear
2, co hukama hwakabatana pakati peKashoma pasi zviwanikwa uye zviwanikwa zvenyukireya
Mononzite, zvakare inonzi Pophokute uye phosphorecerite, inzvimbo yakajairika yekuwana in the yepakati acid icid igneous dombo uye metamorphic dombo. Mononzite ndeimwe yemaminerari makuru eanotadza pasi pasi simbi ore, uye zvakare iripo mune rimwe dombo redombo. Brownish tsvuku, yero, dzimwe nguva brownish yero, ine meso eziso, akakwana akakwana, mohs kuomarara kwe5-5,5, uye kugadzikana kwe4,9-5.5.
Iyo huru ore mineral yemamwe manyoro emhando nguva isingaverengeke pasi deposits muChina, kunyanya kuTongcheng, Hunan, Shangrao, Mengen Nekudaro, kubviswa kwemhando yemubhadharo hakuwanzo kuitika pasi kazhinji hakuwanzo kukosha hupfumi. Matombo ari ega ega anowanzove neeflessive thorium zvinhu uye zvakare ndiyo sosi huru yekutengesa plutonium.
3.
Mushure memazwi akakosha ekunyora pasi pekutsvaga zvinhu zvakazara, ivo vakasanganiswa nemakiyi ezvekuwedzera uye huwandu hwenhamba dzekupaza nyukireya, uye wakatsvaga database isina mhosva. Zuva rekutsvaga riri Nyamavhuvhu 24, 2020. 4837 matanda akawanikwa mushure memhuri yepamoyo yemhuri, uye 4673 matanda akange akatsanangurwa mushure mekudzikiswa kwemufungo.
Vashoma Pasi Patent Patentions mumunda weNuction Fenion kana Nyika dzeChinyorwa Chekupedzisira, kunyanya kuRussia, uye Japan, United States neRussia dzakaramba dzichiratidzira mumunda uyu kwemakore mazhinji (Mufananidzo 1).
Mufananidzo 1 Chiitiko Chekushandisa Kwematekinoroji Patents Zvinoenderana neKutadzisa Nyika Kushandisa muNyukireya Yako Nyukireya Inyika uye Nzvimbo dzeNucusion Munyika / Matunhu
Zvinogona kuoneka kubva mukuongororwa kwehunyanzvi hwekushandiswa kwePasi Pasi mune zvipo zvehukireya zvinotarisa pazvinhu zvemafuta
4, zvikumbiro zvakanyatso uye kiyi patent yekutsvaga zvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika mune zvigadzirwa zvenyukireya
Pakati pavo, enyukireya okufungidzira kweNyukireya muzvinhu zvenyukireya zvakaringana, uye zvinodiwa zvekushandisa zvakasimba. Parizvino, magetsi anokanganisa anonyanya kuita nyukireya anowana, uye felusion vanokwanisa vanogona kuvezwa pamwero mukuru mushure memakore makumi mashanu. Kushandiswa kwerare pasizvinhu muzvinyorwa zvekutengesa zvinhu; Mune chaiwo minda yenyukireya yemakemikikiya, zvisingawanzo zvepasi zvevanhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa mumatanda ekudzora; Pamusoro pe,Scandiumzvakare yakashandiswa mune radiochemistry uye indasitiri yenyukireya.
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Mune magetsi anowana, iko kwekutanga kusara kwekufamba kwenguva matsva kazhinji kazhinji kwakakwirira. Kunyanya mumatanho ekutanga ekutanga kwekunyepedzera kutenderera, apo mafuta ese enyukireya mune iyo musimboti ari mutsva, kusara kwekutanga ndiko kwakanyanya. Panguva ino, ichivimba chete padzinowedzera ratsi dzekudzora kuti dzigadzirise nguva dzasara dzaizosvitsa mamwe matanda ekudzora. Tsvimbo imwe neimwe yekudzora (kana tsvimbo bundle) inoenderana nekutanga kweiyo yakaoma yekutyaira mechani. Kune rimwe divi, izvi zvinowedzera mutengo, uye kune rumwe rutivi, kuvhura maburi mumusoro wekumanikidza mudziyo unogona kutungamira mukuderera kwesimba rerudzi. Haisi chete isingaenzaniswi, asi zvakare haibvumirwi kuve neyakaenzana nehurongwa uye simba remugadziri pane yekumanikidza mudziyo wemudziyo. Nekudaro, pasina kuwedzera matanda ekudzora, zvinodikanwa kuti uwedzere kuwedzeredza kwemakemikari ekumanikidza kuita zvechemituru (akadai boric acid) kudzoreredzwa kwekusara kwekuita. Mune ino kesi, zviri nyore kuti kuunganidzwa kweBoron kupfuudza chikumbaridzo, uye tembiricha inoenderana neyekutonga ichava yakanaka.
Kuti udzivise matambudziko ambotaurwa, musanganiswa wekutambisa uturu, matanda ekudzora, uye kudzora kwemakemikari kunogona kuwanzoshandiswa kudzora.
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Ekistals inoda zvikamu zvimiro uye zvinhu zvemafuta kuti uve nehuremu hwesimba, kupokana, uye kusimba kwakanyanya kugadzikana, zvichidzivirira zvakare zvigadzirwa zvekutsiva kubva pakupinda munyama.
1) .rare Pasi Pasi
Iyo nyukireya inoitika ine mamiriro akanyanya emuviri uye nemakemikari, uye chimwe nechimwe chikamu cheanosimudzirawo chine zvido zvepamusoro kuti simbi yakakosha yakashandiswa. Zvisingawanzo kuitika zvepasi zvine hunyanzvi hwekugadziridzwa nesimbi, kunyanya kusanganisira kucheneswa, metamorphism, microalloyying, uye kuvandudzwa kwekushora kupokana. Pasi pasingawanzo kuve nenhambadzi zvakare inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune nyukireya nhambera.
Kuchenesa maitiro: Kutsvaga iripo kwakaratidza kuti hazviratidzike pasi pevhu zvine hungwaru hwakanaka nesimbi yakanyungudutswa pakupisa kwakanyanya. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti zvisingaiti zvepasi pano zvinogona kuita zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakadai seokisijeni uye sarufa mune yakanyungudutswa simbi kuti iwane makomendi akakwirira-tembiricha. Iyo yakakwirira tembiricha inogona kuve yakarongedzwa uye inobviswa muchimiro chekuda kusati kwatanga kusimuka
← Metamorphism: Kune rimwe divi, sulfades kana oxsalfss yakagadzirwa nekuita kwevanhu vepasi uye sarufa inogona kuve yakanyungudika. Izvi zvineshuwa zvinogona kushandiswa seyekuchengetedzeka nhumbi dzechinzvimbo panguva yekusimbiswa kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa, nekudaro ichivandudza chimiro uye chimiro chesimbi.
③ MicrolloyLoY: Kana kuwedzera kwevanhu pasi pano kwakawedzera kuwedzerwa, pasi risingagare pasi richanyungudutswa musimboti mushure mekunatswa kuri pamusoro uye metamorphism yapera. Sezvo iyo atiomic radius yePasi pasirese yakakura kupfuura iyo yesimbi yeatomu, isingawanzo kuve neyakakwira nzvimbo. Munguva yekunamatira simbi yakanyungudutswa, zvinhu zvepasi zvisingaenderani zvakafumiswa pamutambo wezviyo, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kusarongeka kwezvinhu zvisina tsvina, zvobva zvasimbisa mhinduro yakasimba uye kuridza basa rezvinyorwa. Kune rimwe divi, nekuda kweiyo hydrogen yekuchengetedza maitiro evanopamba pasi, ivo vanogona kutora hydrogen simbi, nekudaro vachishandisa zvinobudirira hydrogen embbrittlement chesimbi.
Kuvandudza Kudzivisa Corrosance: Kuwedzera kwezvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika kunogona kuvandudza kupesana kwecorrosance yesimbi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti zvisingawanzo zvepasi pano zvine ukuru hwekuzvimiririra pane simbi isina tsvina. Naizvozvo, kuwedzera kwevanhu vepanyika kunogona kuwedzera iyo yekuzvishora inogona kuita simbi isina tsvina, nokudaro ichivandudza kugadzikana kwesimbi muzvikamu zvakabatana.
2). Key Patent Kudzidza
Key Patent: Kuisa Patent yeKutambanudza kwehusiku Kusimbiswa Simbi Yekushandisa Simbi uye nzira yayo yekugadzirira neInstitute of simbi, Chinese Academy yeScience
Patent Abstract: Yakapihwa nzombe yekupararira yakaderera Simbi Steel Stels Simbi yeiyo Alloy's Stel's 0.03% ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤
Kugadzira Process: FE-CR-WV-WV-TA-TA-MAND MAMA Alloy Smlting, PoWder Atomization, yakakwira-simba bhora yekugaya kweamai vaamai uyeY2O3 NANOPARLECLEYakasanganiswa poda, poda inofukidza yekubvisa, kusimbisa kuumbwa, kupisa kucheka, uye kurapwa kupisa.
Rare Pasi Poss Ekugumisa Maitiro: Wedzera NANOSCALEY2O3Zvikamu zveBercey Alloy Atomized Powder yeGore-Energy Balling Svina
3).
① Musimboti weNetron Reiation Dziviriro
Neutrons ndizvo zvikamu zveAtomic nuclei, ine reti ye1,675 × 10-27kg, iyo iri 1838 nguva iyo yemagetsi misa. Radius its inenge 0.8 × 10-15m, yakafanana muhukuru kune proton, yakafanana ne γ marya asina kuenzana. Kana neutrons ichipindirana nenyaya, vanonyanya kubata nemauto e nyukireya mukati meiyo nucleus, uye usabatana nema elekari ari mugodhi wekunze.
Nekukurumidza kukura kwesimba renyukireya uye nyukireya yekunzwisisa tekinoroji, zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya kutarisisa kwakabhadharwa kuNyukireya Radiation kuchengetedza uye nyukireya radiation radiation. Kuti usimbise radiation kuchengetedzwa kwevashandi vevashandi vekurapa zvekushandisa uye tsaona kununura kwenguva yakareba, iko kukosha kwesainzi uye kukosha kwehupfumi kukudziridza marara ekudzivirira ekudzivirira. Neutron radiation ndiyo yakakosha chikamu che nyukireya yekugadzirisa radiation. Kazhinji, mazhinji ematare mukusangana zvakananga nevarume venyama akaderedzwa kusvika kuderera-Energy neutron kuderera kwezvinhu zvemukati zvemukati mune zvigadzirwa zvemukati. Simba resimba rakadzika huchenjeri huchanyanza ne nuclei ine yakaderera atomic nhamba elasticall uye ramba ichiverengerwa. Iyo yakadzika mwero etermal neutrons ichabatanidzwa nezvisikwa neakakura neutron yekuyambuka zvikamu, uye pakupedzisira neutron kuchengetedza kuchawanikwa.
② Kiyi Patent Kudzidza
Iyo porous uye organic-inorganic hybrid zvivakwa zverisingawanzo nyikaGadoliniumYakavakirwa simbi organic skeleton zvinhu zvinowedzera kuwirirana kwavo nePolyethyle, kusimudzira zvigadzirwa zvakarongedzwa kuti uve nekwavo Gadolinium zvirimo uye Gadolinium kupararira. Iyo yakakwira gadolinium zvirimo uye kupararira kuchakanganisa zvakananga nezvekushandiswa kwestrone yekuchengetedza kwezvinhu.
Key Patent: Hefei Institute of Science Science, Chinyorwa cheChinese cheSainzi, Chinopinda Patent yeGadolinium yakavakirwa chimiro chekuvandudza uye nzira yekugadzirira
Patent Abstract: Gadolinium yakavakirwa simbi organic skeleton composite madziro zvinyorwa ndeyekuumbwa kwezvinhu zvakaumbwa nekuvhiringidzwaGadoliniumYakavakirwa simbi organic skeleton zvinhu nePolyethylene mune uremu chiyero che2: 1: 10 uye kugadzira iyo solvent kubuda kana kudzvanya kupisa. Gadolinium yakavakirwa simbi organic skeleton composite midziyo yekuvhara ine yakakwira yekudzora kugadzikana uye yekudzivirira neutron yekuchengetedza kugona.
Kugadzira maitiro: kusarudza zvakasiyanaGadolinium MetalSalts uye organic ligands kugadzirira uye kugadzirira mhando dzeGadolinium yakavakirwa methlanol, uye nekuvasunga madiki methenic. Iyo Gadolinium yakavakirwa organmallic Skeletocs zvinyorwa zvakagadzirirwa nedanho rakakurudzirwa nePolyethyle lion Isa iyo yunifomu yakasanganiswa Gadolinium yakavakirwa simbi Simbi Skeleton Skleton Iyo yakagadzirirwa gadolinium yakavakirwa simbi Simbi Skeleten Sklering zvinhu zvakadzama zvakanyatsovandudza kupisa kupesana, uye yakakwirira yekudzivirira neutrone yekudziya kugona kuenzaniswa neakachena polyethylene zvinhu.
Rare Earth Evers EPROURO: GD2 (BHC) (H2O) 6, GD (BTCC)GD (No3) 3 • 6h2o kana GDCL3 • 6h2ouye organic car bocLate ligand; Saizi yeGadolinium yakavakirwa simbi organic Skeleton zvinyorwa ndeye 50nm-2 μ m; Gadolinium yakavakirwa simbi Skeleton zvine morphologies
(4) Kushandiswa kweScandiumMuRadiochemistry uye Indasitiri Indasitiri
Scandium Mhezi ine yakanaka yekugadzira uye yakasimba fluorine yekuisa kuita, ichiita kuti ive isina chinhu muAtomi Indasitiri Indasitiri.
Key Patent: China Aerospace Development Beijing Institute of aeronutical zvinhu, kugadzirwa Patent yeAluminium Zinc Magnesium Scandium Alloy uye nzira yayo yekugadzirira
Patent Abstract: A Aluminium ZincMagnesium Scandium Alloyuye nzira yekugadzirira kwayo. Kuumbwa kwemakemikari uye uremu muzana weAluminium Zinc Ginc Scandium Scandust ≤ 0.15%, uye iyo yakasara huwandu ndeye al. Iyo micorture yeiyi aluminium zinc magnesium Scandium Scandium zvinyorwa zvakazara, neyekupedzisira Simba re 400mpa, simba rakadarika Zvigadzirwa zvekunyama zvinogona kushandiswa sezvinhu zvakarongeka muAerospace, indasitiri yenyukireya, yekufambisa, zvinhu zvemitambo, zvombo uye nemimwe minda.
Kugadzira maitiro: nhanho 1, chinja zvinoenderana neyakagadzirwa pamusoro pehukama; Step 2: Melt in the smelting furnace at a temperature of 700 ℃~780 ℃; Nhanho 3: Kunatsa iyo yakanyungudutswa simbi yemasimbi, uye chengetedza tembiricha yesimbi mukati mehuwandu hwe700 ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ~ 750 ℃ panguva yekunatsa; Nhanho 4: Mushure mekunatsa, inofanira kubvumirwa zvakakwana kumira; Nhanho 5: Mushure mekumira zvizere, chengetedza tembiricha yemoto mukati mehuwandu hwe690 ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃, uye kumhanya kwekukanda ndi15-200mm / miniti; Nhanho 6: Ita Homogenization kurapwa kweannoling kurapwa pane alloy ingot muvira yekupinza, nekudziya kwehomogenization ye400 ℃ ℃ ~ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃; Nhanho 7: Peel Iyo Homogenized Ingot uye ita zvinopisa zvinowanikwa kuti uburitse profiles neye rusvingo rwiyo rwese 2.0mm. Munguva yekuwedzera maitiro, billet inofanira kuchengetedzwa pakudziya kwe50 × kusvika 410 ℃; Nhanho 8: Svina iyo nhoroondo yemhinduro quenching kurapwa, nemhinduro yekudzidzira ye460-480 ℃; Nhanho 9: Mushure memaawa makumi manomwe neshanu ekugadzirisa Solid Quenching, Maness kumanikidza kukwegura. Simba rehunyanzvi hwekuchembera system ndeye: 90 ~ 110 ℃ / 24 maawa + 170 ~ 50 maawa, kana 90 ℃ / 24 maawa + 145 ~ 155 ℃ / 10 maawa.
5, pfupiso yekutsvagisa
Pazvose, nyika dzisingawanzo kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumapepa enyukireya uye nekuita zvinhu zvakawanda zvehunhu, uye kuumbwa kwemvura Kana zviri zvezvishandiso zvekutanga, zvisingawanzo zvepanyika zvinogona kushandiswa seanotengesa zvinhu uye zvine chekuita neCeramic zvinhu zvekushandisa, kudzora zvinhu uye neutron radiation dziviriro zvekudzivirira.
Kutumira Nguva: May-26-2023