AMitemo yakajairwa ndeyekuti kana mafuta iwayo rwizi rweindasitiri, ipapo nyika isingawanzo kuve vhitamini yeindasitiri.
Pasi pasirese kupfupika kweboka resimbi. Zvisingawanzo zvepasi zvinhu, ree) akawanikwa imwe mushure meimwe kubva pakupera kwezana ramakore regumi nemasere. Kune marudzi gumi nematanhatu emhando, kusanganisira gumi nematanhatu emwenje mune nguva yemaperembudzi ezvemakemikari-lanthanamu (lanthanamu (lATHE (CE), pm) Anenge makore 3-5, masayendisiti anogona kuwana mashandisiro okushandiswa mutsva wevanhu pasi, uye mumwe kubva pane zvese zvitanhatu zvigadzirwa hazvigone kuparadzaniswa kubva pasara yepasi.
China hupfumi mune zvisingawanzo kuverengera Zvicherwa, chinzvimbo chekutanga mumatatu matatu: chekutanga muRource Reservation, accounting kweanenge 23%; Iyo yekubuditsa ndiyo yekutanga, accounting ye80% kusvika 90% yezvinhu zvisingawanzoitika pasi rose; Vhoriyamu yekutengesa ndiyo yekutanga, ine 60% kusvika 70% yezvinhu zvisingawanzogadzirwa pasi zvigadzirwa zvinotumirwa kunze kwenyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, China ndiyo yega nyika inogona kugovera marudzi ese epasi simbi, kunyanya svikiro uye rinorema nyika dzinoshamisa dzechiuto mashandisirwo emauto.
RPasi ipasi rakakosha rirongwa, rinozivikanwa se "maindasitiri monosdium glutamate" uye "Amai vezvitsva zvekushandisa", uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukucheka-tsika uye tekinitiri yemuchato uye maindasitiri ematongerwo enyika uye neTekinitiri. Zvinoenderana noushumiri hwe indasitiri uye tekinoroji tekinoroji, zviishandirwi zvevhu, zvemaindasitiri, metallurgy. zvichingodaro. .
Pakutanga kwa1983, Japan yakaunza nzira yekuchengetedza nzira yekusaverengeka zvichareba, uye 83% yeavo yepasi pevhu nyika kubva kuChina.
Tarisa kuUnited States zvakare, kuparadzirwa kwepasi kwechipiri kune chechipiri kuChina, asi zvose zviri zvepasi zviso zvese zviedza zvisingawanzo zvapasi pasi, izvo zvakakamurwa zvapupu zvisingagari vepasi uye mwenje. Nyika inorema dzakatora dzinodhura kwazvo, uye mwenje hadzitore nyika dzisingaenzaniswi kune yangu, iyo yakatenderwa kuita nhema dzenhema nevanhu vari muindasitiri. 80% yeUS Havana pasi Pasi Pasi Kunobva KuChina.
Comrade engxiaoping akamboti: "Kune mafuta muMiddle East uye zvisingawanzo zvepanyika muChina." Zvinorehwa nemazwi ake zvinozviratidza kuzviratidza. Chisingagumi pasi hachisi chete chakakodzera "msg" kwezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-soro munyika, asi zvakare ine simba yekuvhara yeChina iri kutaurirana netafura mune ramangwana. Dzivirira uye Ssayenzi Pasi Pasi Pasi Pasi, yave zano reNyika Muna 1992, deng xiaoping yakajeka mamiriro eChina senyika yakakura yepasi pano.
Rondedzero yekushandiswa kwegumi nematanhatu Earth Earths
1 lanthanamu inoshandiswa mune zvekushandisa uye mafirimu ekurima
Cerium inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari girazi
3 praseodymium inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune ceramic pigment
Neodymium inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muAerospace zvinhu
Makenduru mashanu anopa simba rebetsero kune satellite
Kushandiswa kwe6 Samarium muAtomic Energy Recentor
7 Europuum Kugadzira Lenses uye Liquid Crystal inoratidza
Gadolinium 8 yeKutenda Magineti Resonance kufungidzira
9 Terbium inoshandiswa mune ndege yemapapu emuchadenga
10 erbium inoshandiswa mune laser rangefinder muzvikwata zvemauto
11 Dysprosium inoshandiswa seyakajeka sosi yefirimu uye kudhinda
12 Holium inoshandiswa kugadzira zvishandiso zvekutaurirana
13 thutium inoshandiswa kune clinical kuongororwa uye kurapwa kwemapundu
14 ytterbium inowedzera yekombiyuta memory element
Application ye15 lutetium mu Energy Battery Technology
16 yttrium inoita waya uye ndege yemasimba
Scandium inowanzoshandiswa kugadzira madhiri
Iyo nhoroondo ndeyekutevera:
1
Lanthanamu (LA)
Muhondo yeGulf, iyo Husiku Husiku Chiono Chisikopo neKal Earth Element Lanthanamu(Mepu yedata)
Lanthanamu anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muPiezoelectric zvinhu, zvigadzirwa zveElezo Electrother pane zvirimwa.
2
Cerium (CE)
Cerium inogona kushandiswa seCatalyst, arc eleleleleleleltrode uye yakasarudzika girazi rekushora rinopesana nekupisa uye rinogona kushandiswa kugadzira jet propulsion zvikamu(Mepu yedata)
(1. Muna 1996, angangoita 20,000 matani eCeria akashandiswa mumotokari yemotokari, uye matani anopfuura mazana mashanu eUnited States.
(2. Iko kushandiswa kwe casium muUnited States account kwechikamu chimwe chete pazvitatu chekushandiswa kwakazara kwepasi.
. Inogona kushandiswa kune mavara epurasitiki, majasi, ink uye mapepa maindasitiri.at iripo, iyo inotungamira kambani ndeye French Rhone puranga.
(4) CE: Lisef Laser System ishandiso yakasimba-nyika laser yakagadzirwa neUnited States. Inogona kushandiswa kuona zvombo zvemabhizimusi uye mushonga nekutarisa tryptophan kuisirwa Consturation.cerium.carium inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakawanda. Zvinenge zvese zvisingawanzo kudeya zvine majecha.fekeni-lezoelectric carrices, cerium carktres
3
Praseodymium (PR)
Praseodymium Neodymium Alloy
(1) Praseodymium inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka ceramics uye zuva nezuva-kushandisa ceramics. Inogona kusanganiswa ne ceramic glaze kuti iite ruvara rwelaze, uye inogona kushandiswawo seanoratidzira pigment. Iyo pigment iri mwenje yero ine yakachena uye yakajeka mavara.
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4
Neodymium (ND)
Nei m1 tangi inogona kuwanikwa yekutanga? Iyo tangi yakagadzirirwa ne ND: YAG Laser Rangefinder, iyo inogona kusvika huwandu hwemamita 4000 mumasikati akajeka(Mepu yedata)
Nekuzvarwa kwe praseodymium, Neodymium akauya. Kusvika kweNeodymium vakashandisa ndima yepasi pasi, vakaita basa rakakosha mundima yepasi pasi, uye rakapesvedzera musika wepasi pano.
Neodymium yave nzvimbo inopisa mumusika kwemakore akawanda nekuda kwechinzvimbo chayo chakasiyana mumunda wevanhu vasingawanzo. Mushandisi mukuru weeodymium simbi ndeye ndfeb zvachose magnet zvinyorwa. Kuuya kweNDFEB magnets zvachose akaisa simba matsva simba mune risingawanzo nyika yepamusoro-tech shamba. Ndfeb Magnet inonzi "mambo weGwenzvimbo Chisingaperi Magnets" nekuda kweiyo magineti yakakwira emagetsi Kubudirira Kubudirira kweAlpha Magnetic Spectrometer Inoratidza kuti Magineti Zvivakwa zveNDIFEB Magneti muChina zvakapinda muyero wenyika. Neodymium inoshandiswawo mune isiri-ferus zvinhu. Kuwedzera 1.5-2.5% neodymium muMagnesium kana Aluminium Alloy inogona kuvandudza pabasa rakanyanya kupisa, mhepo yakasimba uye kupokana kweiyo learloy.wiliss inoshandiswa seyakagadzirwa zvinhu. Pamusoro pezvo, neodymium-Didy Yttrium Garnet inoburitsa pfupi-wave laser beam Mukurapa kurapwa, ND: YAG LASS inoshandiswa kubvisa kuvhiya kana kurasa maronda pane scalpel. Neodymium inoshandiswawo kwegirazi girazi uye ceramic zvinhu uye seyakawedzera yezvinhu zvigadzirwa zveRabha.
5
Trollium (PM)
Tulium chinhu chekugadzira qualate chinogadzirwa neNuclear Entertaor (data mepu)
(1) inogona kushandiswa seinopisa sosi. Ipa simba rebetsero yevacuum kuona uye yekugadzira satellite.
(2) pm147 inoburitsa yakaderera-simba β-ray, iyo inogona kushandiswa kugadzira cymal mabhatiri. Sezvo simba remagetsi rezviridzwa zvinotungamira nhungamiro uye wachi. Rudzi urwu rwebhatiri idiki muhukuru uye inogona kushandiswa zvichiramba kwemakore akati wandei. Uyezve, prethium inoshandiswawo mune inotakurika X- chiridzwa, kugadzirira phosshor, chiyero chakakora uye mwenje weBeacon.
6
Samarium (SM)
Metal Samarium (mepu yedata)
Sm is light yellow, uye iri mbichana yeiyo sm-co zvachose magnet, uye sm-co Magnet ndiyo yekutanga kuisazve magineti inoshandiswa muindasitiri. Kune marudzi maviri emagineti echigarire: smco5 system uye sm2co11 system. Mukutanga kwa1970s, iyo SmCo5 System yakagadzirwa, uye iyo Sm2co114 system yakagadzirwa munguva inotevera. Ikozvino kudikanwa kwekupedzisira kunopihwa pakutanga. Kuchena kweSamarium oxide inoshandiswa muSamarium Cobalt Magnet hakufanirwe kunge kusiri kwakanyanya. Kufunga nezve mutengo, kunyanya kushandisa anenge 95% yezvigadzirwa. Mukuwedzera, Samarium oxide inoshandiswawo mune ceramic capacitors uye catalysts. Mukuwedzera, Samarium ine zvombo zvenyukireya, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa sezvinhu zvivakwa, zvishandiso zvekuchengetedza uye zvekudzora zvinhu zveatomi simba reatomi, kuitira kuti simba rakakura rinogadzirwa nekuwana kwehukireya rinogona kushandiswa zvakachengeteka.
7
Europuum (EU)
Europium Oxide poda (Mepu yedata)
EurEpium oxide inonyanya kushandiswa kune phosphors (mepu yedata)
Muna 1901, Eugene-AntleleMarCay akawana chinhu chitsva kubva ku "Samarium", anonzi Eurppium. Izvi zvimwe zvinonzi izwi mushure mekunge izwi reEurope. Europium oxide inonyanya kushandiswa kune fluorescent poda. EU3 + inoshandiswa semutambi weRed phosphor, uye EU2 + inoshandiswa sebhuruu phosphor. Iye zvino Y2O2s: EU3 + ndiyo yakanakisa phominous yekubudirira, inokwereta kugadzikana uye kudzokorodza mutengo.in kuchinjiswa, iko kushandisirwa kwazvinoita tekinoroji sekuvandudza kushanda kwehunyanzvi uye kusiyana. Eurpeium oxide yakave yakashandiswa seyakaomeswa emission phosphor yeiyo itsva X-ray yekurapa maitiro mumakore apfuura. Eurpeium oxide inogona kushandiswawo kugadzirwa kwemavara uye mafirita emagariro, kuti zvimisikidzwa zvekuchengetedza zvemagariro, zvinogona zvakare kuratidza matarenda ekudzivirira, zvinhu zvekudzivirira uye zvishandiso zvemitambo uye zvigadzirwa zvemitambo zveatomu vanoita.
8
Gadolinium (GD)
Gadolinium uye isootes ayo inonyanya kushanda neutron inobata uye inogona kushandiswa sevanotarisira venyukireya. (mepu yedata)
(1.
(2.
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9
Terbium (TB)
Terbium oxide poda (data mepu)
Kushandiswa kweTerbium kwakanyanya kunosanganisira iyo yakakwira-tech munda, iyo yekucheka chirongwa neTekinoroji-yakanyanya uye ruzivo-rwakanyanya, pamwe nechirongwa chine makomborero ehupfumi ane hupfumi, aine tarisiro inoyevedza.
.
(2) Magneto-Optical Kuchengetedza Zvinhu. Mumakore achangopfuura, Terbium Magnets-Optical zvinhu zvasvika pachiyero chekugadzira misa. Magnets-Optical discs yakagadzirwa neTB-Fe Amorphous mafirimu anoshandiswa sekombiyuta zvinhu zvekuchengetedza, uye kugona kwekuchengetedza kunowedzera ne 10 ~ ka15 times.
(3. Kunyanya, kukura kwetatu kwakavhura chishandiso chitsva chetsiva, icho chinhu chitsva chakawanikwa muna1970s. Hafu yeiyo Alloy ine terbium uye dysprosium, dzimwe nguva neHolmium uye zororo iri resimbi. Kana terfenol ichiiswa mumunda wemagineti, saizi yayo inoshanduka kupfuura iyo yezvinhu zvakajairika zvemagineti, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti zvimwe zvinyore zvekufambisa zvinogoneka zvinogoneka. Terbium Dysprosium Iron inonyanya kushandiswa muSonar pakutanga, uye yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakawanda payo.
10
Dy (DY)
Metal Dysprosium (Mepu yedata)
. Munguva yakapfuura, kudiwa kweDysprosium kwaisave kwakakura, asi nekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kweNDFEB magneti, uye giredhi rinofanira kunge rave kuita 95 ~ 99.9%, uye kudiwa kwakawedzera nekukurumidza.
(2) Dysprosium inoshandiswa semutambi we phosphor. Travalent Dysprosium ndeyekuvimbisa kuitisa Ion yeTricolor Luminescent zvinhu neimwe Luminescent Center. Izvo zvinonyanya kuve nemabhendi maviri emisangano, imwe ndeye yero yeLex yechiedza, imwe ndeye bhuruu yechiedza. Iyo Luminescent zvinhu zvakanyorwa neDysprosium inogona kushandiswa se tricolor phosphors.
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. Nekuvandudzwa kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, minda yekushandisa yeDysprosium icharamba ichinge yawedzera uye yakawedzerwa.
11
Holmium (ho)
Ho-Fe Alloy (data mepu)
Parizvino, munda wekushandisa weSimbi unofanirwa kuenderera mberi, uye kunwa hakuna kukura zvakanyanya. Nguva pfupi yadarika, iyo Rare pasi research Institute ye batou yakawana tembiricha yakanyanya uye yakanyanya yekuvhara tekinoroji, uye yakagadzirwa yakanyanya yekuchenesa qin?
Parizvino, mashandiro makuru emakiyi ndeaya:
. Parizvino, nyika isingawanzo iodides inonyanya kushandiswa, iyo inobvisa mitsara yakasiyana yekutaura kana gasi rinoburitsa. Chinhu chinoshanda chinoshandiswa mumwenje yesimbi ndeyekuti qinidide, yepamusoro sosi yemasimbi maatomu inogona kuwanikwa muArc nzvimbo, nokudaro ichivandudza kwazvo radiation yekubudirira.
(2) iron inogona kushandiswa seyakawedzera yekurekodha iron kana bhiriyoni aluminium garnet
(3. Naizvozvo, kana uchishandisa ho: yg laser yekurapa kushanda, haigone kungogadzirisa kushanda kwekushanda uye kurongeka, asi zvakare kuderedza iyo inokanganisa nzvimbo yekukuvara kune size idiki. Bhegi remahara rinogadzirwa nekukanda kristaro kunogona kuunza mafuta ekupisa pasina kudzikisira kwematanda ekuvhiya.
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12
Erbium (er)
Erbium oxide poda (ruzivo rwechati)
. Mushure mekufara ne 980nm uye 1480nm Chiedza, iyo bait ion (er3 + Quartz fiber inogona kuendesa mwenje wetsetse mwaka wetsvina Dzorera kurasikirwa mugadziriro yekutaurirana zvichienderana neye laser inoshandiswa netiweki iyo inoda kukurudzira iyo 1550nm Optical chiratidzo, iyo bait yakarongedzwa fiber amplifier chinhu chakakosha chinhu chishandiso chakakosha. Parizvino, iyo bait yakarova Silica Fiber.St CommerIdililified.SEXCATE FIBER YEMAHARA YEMAHARA YEMAHARA YEMAHARA FIENCAL YEMAHARA.
. Iyo yakagadzirwa mune inotakurika laser rangender iyo yakachengeteka nemeso emunhu mukushandiswa kwemauto.
(3) (3.
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13
Tulium (tm)
Mushure mekunge atsamende mune imwe nyukireya inogadzira iyo isotope inogona kusimbisa X-ray, iyo inogona kushandiswa seyakagadziriswa X-ray Source Source(Mepu yedata)
(1)TM inoshandiswa seye ray sosi yemuchina unotakurika X-ray. Mushure mekuputirwa mune nyukireya.TMinoburitsa mhando yeiyo isotope iyo inogona kukurudzira X-ray, iyo inogona kushandiswa kuita kuti rive reropa rinotakurika. Rudzi urwu rwe radiometer inogona kuchinja YU-169 mukatiTM-170 pasi pechiitiko chekakwirira uye yepakati danda, uye radiate X-ray kune iyo IRRRADIATATE ROPA uye kuderedza machena eropa. Iyi ndiyo tambo chena dzeropa dzinokonzeresa kuramba kutapurirana nhengo, kuitira kuti uderedze kurambwa kwekutanga kwemitezo yemitezo.
(2) (2)TMInogona zvakare kushandiswa muClinisis
(3).
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(5).
14
Ytterbium (yb)
Ytterbium simbi (mepu yedata)
.
(2) Sezvinoratidzwa nemagineti.
(3) girazi chinhu chinoshandiswa pakumanikidza kuyerwa. Kuedza kunoratidza kuti kunzwira tsitsi kwegirazi chinhu chakakwira mukumanikidza kumanikidzwa kwemhando, iyo inovhura nzira itsva yekushandiswa kwegirazi mukumanikidza kuyerwa.
.
. Pamusoro pezvo, girazi rinoshandiswawo kune fluorescent poda activator, redhiyo cereracs, magineti yeBubble) diagle fiber flux uye expical girazi anoshongedza, nezvimwe.
15
Lutetium (lu)
Lutetium oxide poda (data mepu)
Yttrium Lutetium Silteum Crystal (Mepu yedata)
(1) ita zvimwe zvinokosha alloys. Semuenzaniso, Lutetium Aluminium Alloy inogona kushandiswa kune neutron activation ongororo.
.
(3) Kuwedzerwa kweYttrium iron kana yttrium aluminium garnet inogona kugadzirisa zvimwe zvivakwa.
(4) Zvishandiso zvakagadzirwa zvemagineti bubble resvoir.
(5. Kuedza kunoratidza kuti lutetium-diped nyab crystal yakakwirira kune nyab crystal muOptical kusafanana uye laser performance.
. Uye zvakare, lutetium inoshandiswawo muBay Battery Technology uye Activator ye possator ye pososator.
16
Ytrium (y)
Yttrium inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, ytttrium aluminium garnet inogona kushandiswa seyakagadziriswa, uye euripeum yeNewavers (mepu yedata)
(1) vanowedzera esimbi uye vasiri-ferrous alloys. FECR Alloy kazhinji ine 0.5-4% Yttrium, iyo inogona kuwedzera iyo oxidation kuramba uye ducility yeaya simbi isina tsvina; Zvivakwa zvakazara zveMB26 Alloy zviri pachena nekuwedzera huwandu hweYttrium-red yakasanganiswa nyika, iyo inogona kutsiva imwe yepakati aluminium aloys uye kushandiswa mune yakasimbiswa zvikamu zve ndege. Kuwedzera shoma yeYttrium-yakapfuma nyika yepasi kuita muAl-zr Alloy, vafambi veiyo huwandu hunogona kuvandudzwa; Iyo Alloy yakatorwa neakanyanya waya mafekitori muChina. Kuwedzera yttrium mumhangura alloy inovandudza kufambidzana uye nemakaniki simba.
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. Mukuwedzera, yttrium inoshandiswawo seyakawedzera kusundira zvinhu, iyo dhidi yeAtomi reatomu yemagineti, uye inowana muindasitiri yechiganho.
17
Scandium (SC)
Metal Scandium (Mepu yedata)
Kuenzaniswa neYttrium uye LAnhanide zvinhu, Scandium ine kunyanya diki ionic radius uye inonyanya kusimba alkalinity ye hydalinity ye hydroxide. Naizvozvo, apo scandium uye zvinhu zvepasi zvisingaenzaniswi pamwe chete, scandium ichavhenganiswa pakutanga neAmmonia (kana zvakanyanya kuderera Alkali), saka inogona kuparadzaniswa nyore nyore kubva kune zvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika nenzira ye "fractional flongation". Imwe nzira ndeye kushandisa iyo polarization yekuita kwetrate yekuparadzanisa.scandium nitrate ndiyo iri nyore kupatsanura, nokudaro kuzadzisa chinangwa chekuparadzaniswa.
Svira inogona kuwanikwa nemagetsi. SCCL3, KCL uye LICL ANOGONESESWA PAMUSORO PAMUSORO PAKUSHANDISA SEATHING YEMAHARA Mukuwedzera, scandium inowanikwa nyore nyore kana kugadziriswa ore kugadzira uranium, trorium uye lanthanide zvinhu. Kudzoreredzwa kwakabatana kweScandium kubva kuTungsten uye tin ore zvakare imwe yezvinhu zvakakosha zvezvibodzwa zveScandium.scandium ndeye mAlyly mune travalent mamiriro mune iyo compound, iyo iri nyore oxidized muSc2o3 mumhepo uye inorasikirwa nesimbi yakasimba uye inoshanduka kuita grey grey.
Mashandisiro anoita Scondum ndeiyi:
(1.
. Scandium chloride ine chena crystal, nyarara mumvura uye nemaune mumhepo. . Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera shoma scandium kune yakanyungudutswa simbi inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya zvivakwa zvekukanda simbi, uchiwedzera scandium kuAluminium inogona kugadzirisa simba rayo uye kupisa kupisa.
(4) Muindasitiri yemagetsi, scandium inogona kushandiswa semidziyo dzakasiyana siyana semiconductor. Semuenzaniso, kushandisirwa kweScandium Sulfite muMicemonDuctrs kwakakwezva kutarisisa kumba uye kunze kwenyika, uye iyo ferrite ine scandium iriwo inovimbisawo mukatikomputa magineti cores.
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(6) Muindasitiri yegirazi, magirazi akakosha ane scandium anogona kugadzirwa.
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(8) Scandium iripo muchimiro che45sc mune zvakasikwa. Uye zvakare, kune mapfumbamwe mapfumbamwe olomoticactive isotopes e scandium, kureva 40 ~ 44sc uye 46 ~ 49sc. Pakati pavo, 46Sc, se trani, yakashandiswa muindasitiri yemakemikari, metallurgy uye Oceanography. Mune mushonga, kune vanhu kunze kwenyika vanodzidza vachishandisa 46Sc kubata cancer.
Kutumira Nguva: Jul-04-2022