Cerium ihama huru isinganzwisisike 'mumhuri yakakura yezvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika. Chekutanga, huwandu hwakazara hwevanhu vepasirose mune crust Kechipiri, Cerium ndiyo yechipiri nyika yelement yakawana makore mapfumbamwe mushure mekuwanikwa kweYttrium (1794). Kunyorera kwayo kwakakura kwazvo, uye "cerium" haina kusarudzika
Iyo kuwanikwa kweiyo cerium element
Carl auer von Welsbach
Cerium yakawanikwa uye yakatumidzwa muna 1803 neGerman Klicepers, Sweden Chemist J NS Jakob Beryelius, uye Sweden mineralogist wilhelm Huriinger. Inonzi ceria, uye its Ore inonzi cerite, mukuyeuka kwezvidimbu, mune zvazviri, iyi yemhando yemunyu ine 76% cerium, nepozorora mishonga yecalcium, simbi, uyeytrium.
Iko kwekutanga kushandiswa kwechibvumirano yaive gasi yemoto nzvimbo yakagadzirwa neAustrian Chemist Carl auer von Welsbach. Muna 1885, akaedza musanganiswa weMagnesium, Lanthanum, uye Yttrium oxide, asi aya musanganiswa akaburitsa mwenje wakasvibira pasina kubudirira.
Muna 1891, akawana kuti thoride yakachena yaTisori yakabereka chiedza chakanaka, kunyangwe yaive yeblue, uye yakasanganiswa necerium (iv) oxide yekugadzira mwenje wakapenya wakajeka. Mukuwedzera, cerium (iv) oxide inogona zvakare kushandiswa seyakacheya yeThorium oxide
Simbi yesimbi
★ cerium id ductle uye yakapfava sirivheri chena simbi ine inoshanda zvivakwa. Kana ichivhurwa nemhepo, ichave yezororo, ichichigadzira ngura yaiita kunge yakazara oxide layer. Kana ichipiswa, inopisa uye inokurumidza nemvura. A Centimeter Sized cerium simbi sampuli yakazara corrodes mukati megore. Ngwarira kusangana nemhepo, yakasimba oxidants, yakaipa acids yakasimba, uye halipogens.
★ cerium inonyanya kuripo muMonazi uye Bastnesiesite, pamwe nezvinhu zvekutsiva zveuranium, thorium, uye plutium. Kukuvadza kune zvakatipoteredza, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kusvibiswa kwemiviri yemvura.
★ Cerium ndiyo 26th yakawanda kwazvo chinhu, accounting for 68ppm of yepasi crust, yechipiri chete kusvika mhangura (68ppm). Cerium yakawandisa kupfuura yakajairika simbi senge inotungamira (13pm) uye tin (2.1ppm).
Cerium Electron Kugadziriswa
Zvirongwa zvemagetsi:
1s2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P6 4S2 3D10 4P6 5S2 4D10 5P66S2 4F1 5D1
★ Cerium inowanikwa mushure merantele uye ine 4F elektrons kutanga kubva kuCarium, ichiita kuti zvive nyore kutora chikamu mukuita zvemakemikari. Nekudaro, iyo 5D orbital ye casium inogarwa, uye izvi mhedzisiro haina kusimba zvakakwana mune cerium.
★ Vazhinji varimi vanogona kushandisa maelekitori matatu seValence elektron, kunze kweiyo casium, iyo ine chimiro chemagetsi chemagetsi. Simba re-4F emagetsi akangofanana neyekunze 5d uye 6s elecrons akasarudzika mumamiriro ezvinhu esimbi, uye chete hushoma hwesimbi hunodiwa kuti uchinje basa remagetsi emagetsi, zvichikonzera kuvhenganiswa kaviri + 3 uye 4. Iyo yakajairika nyika ndeyekuti + 3 Valence, kuratidza + 4 Valence mumvura yeAnaerobic.
Kushandiswa kwe casium
★ inogona kushandiswa seyakawirwa neyakawedzera uye yekugadzirwa kweiyo cerium salts, nezvimwe.
★ Inogona kushandiswa segirazi inowedzera kuti ibvise ultraviolet uye infrared marangi, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mugirazi remotokari.
★ inogona kushandiswa seyakanakisa nzvimbo dzekudzivirira kwenzvimbo, uye parizvino mumiriri wezvematongerwo enyika
★ Chiedzazvisingawanzo zvepasi zvinhuInonyanya kuumbwa neCermium seZvirimwa kukura Vatongi vanogona kuvandudza kurapa kwemhando, kuwedzera gohwo, uye kusimudzira chirimwa kushushikana kupokana.
★ Cerium Sulfide inogona kutsiva simbi senge inotungamira uye cadmium inokuvadza kune zvakatipoteredza uye nevanhu mune pigmentcs, inogona kushandiswawo mumakonzo uye maindasitiri eInk.
★Cerium (iv) oxideinogona kushandiswa sepombi yakakomberedzwa, semuenzaniso, mumakemikari-mechanical polising (cmp).
★ Cerium inogonawo kushandiswa seHydrogen yekuchengetedza zvinhu, cerium tungstritor, cerie capcors
Kutumira Nguva: Jul-03-2023