Praseodymiyondiyo yechitatu yakawanda yakawanda lanthanide element mune nguva yemaperembudzi ezvemakemikari zvinhu, aine huwandu hwe 9.5 ppm mune crust, chete akaderera panecerium, ytrium,Lanthanum, uyeScandium. Icho chinhu cheshanu chakawanda kwazvo chinhu muvanhu vepasi. Asi kungofanana nezita rake,Praseodymiyoinhengo yakapusa uye isina kurongwa yemhuri yepasi pano.
CF auer von Welsbrach yakawanikwa praseodymium muna 1885.
Muna 1751, mishonga yechiSweden Axel axel Fredrik Crredtt yakawana anorema maminerari muBastn nzvimbo, iyo yakazotumidzwa zita rekuti Cerite. Makore makumi matatu gare gare, ane makore gumi nemashanu vilhelm mutungamiriri kubva kumhuri yaive nemumoyo watumira samples yake kuCarl Scheele, asi haana kuwana chero zvinhu zvitsva. Muna 1803, mushure mekunge muimbi vakava mupfuri, akadzokera kunzvimbo yekunyepedzera naJacob Berzelius uye akapatsanura nzombe idzva, iyo Dwarn Planet Ceres, iyo yavakawana makore maviri apfuura. Ceria yakaparadzaniswa yakazvimirira neMartin Heinrich Klapurot kuGermany.
Pakati pa 1839 uye 1843, Suedish chiremba weSweden naChemist Carl Gustafi mosander akawana kuticerium oxideyakanga iri musanganiswa wenzombe. Akaparadzanisa imwe nzombe mbiri, yaakadana Lanthana na Didymia "Didymia" (zvinoreva "mapatya" muchiGiriki). Akadaidzacerium nitrateSampula nekubika iyo mumhepo, wobva wairipa nehishi nitric acid kuti uwane oxide. Masimbi anoumba aya mhou saka anotumidzwa zitaLanthanumuyePraseodymiyo.
Muna 1885, cf auer von Welsbach, austria akagadzira thorium carior vaper gauze "," Imwe inonzi "praseodymium", iyo inobva muShoko reChigiriki Praon, zvinoreva kuti Green Compound nekuti mhinduro yePraseodyymium munyu wemvura ichapa ruvara rwegirini rakajeka; Chimwe chinhu chinonzi chinonzi "Neodymium". Kupatsanurwa kwakabudirira kwe "mapatya akaunganidzwa" akagonesa kuratidza matarenda avo akasununguka.
Sirivheri chena simbi, yakapfava uye isina duku. Praseodymium ine hexagonal crystal dhizaini pamhepo tembiricha. Kudzvinyirira kwekushomeka kwemhepo kwakasimba kupfuura kwaLanthanamu, Cerium, neOdymium Black dema inogadzirwa, uye imwe centimeter Sizedyymium shall sampudere mukati menguva inenge gore racho.
Sezvakawandazvisingawanzo zvepasi zvinhu. Praseodymium iripo mune + 4 oxidation mamiriro mune mamwe makomendi akasimba, uye pasi pemamiriro ekuparadzanisa matrix, inogona kusvika pane yakasarudzika + 5 oxidation nyika pakati peLAnatanide zvinhu.
Iyo yemukodhi praseodymium ion is the chartreuse, uye akawanda maindasitiri ekushandiswa kwe praseodymium inosanganisira kugona kwayo kuyamapfaira yeruva.
Praseodymium Electronic Layout
Magetsi Emissions:
1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P6 4S2 3D10 4P6 5S2 4D10 5P66S2 4F3
Iyo 59 Electrons ye praseodymium yakarongedzwa se [xe] 4f36s2. Zvezvinoshorwa, ese mashanu magetsi ekunze anogona kushandiswa seValence Electron, asi kushandiswa kwemashanu maviri eyemagetsi ekunze kunoda mamiriro akanyanyisa. Kazhinji, praseodymium inongoburitsa matatu kana mana emagetsi emagetsi. Praseodymium ndiyo yekutanga lanthanide element neyemagetsi gadziriso iyo inoenderana neyekufungidzira. Yayo 4F orbital ine mazita ekudzikira pane iyo 5D orbital, iyo isingabiriki kune lanthanum uye cersium yeiyo 4f orbital haina kuitika kusvika mushure mekunge lanthanamu uye isina kukwana kuti urege kugara neiyo 5d ganda. Zvakangodaro, Solid Praseodymium Inoratidza [XE] 4F25d16s2 Kugadziriswa kwe5D yakafanana neiyo imwe nzira yerenthanide (kunze kweEuritorium uye ye eurterbium, ndedzipi dzakatungamirwa.
Kufanana neakawanda lanthanide zvinhu, praseodymium kazhinji anoshandisa elekitoni matatu seValtrons Electron, uye iyo yakasara legetrons Electres yeItactron kuti isvike kunze, ichiteverwa ne5D uye 6S, uye inowedzera nekuwedzera kweIsih. Nekudaro, praseodymium anogona achiri kuramba achirasikirwa neChina uye neapo neapo neashanu Valtron, nekuti inoonekwa ichiri kutanga kuderera, uye iyo 4f Subshell simba yakakwira kubvumira kubviswa kweiyo valence elekroni.
Praseodymium uye ese maLannade zvinhu (kunzeLanthanum, ytterbiumuyelutetium, hapana magetsi asina kugadzirwa 4F) its onsagrnetism pamhepo tembiricha. Kusiyana nehurefu hwenyika simbi dzinoratidzira antiferromagnetic kana ferromagnetic kuderera tembiricha, praseodymium ndeye pramagnetism pakudziya kwese pamusoro pe1k
Application ye praseodymium
Praseodymium inonyanya kushandiswa muchimiro chekusanganiswa chose pasi, sekunyepedzera nekuchenesa uye kugadzirisa mumiririri wezvinhu zvesimbi, makemikari ekuchengetera, okurima nyika isingaori pasi, zvichingodaro.Praseodymium Neodymiumndiyo yakafanana uye yakaoma kupatsanura maviri zvisingawanzo kuitika pasi zvinhu, izvo zvakaoma kupatsanura nenzira dzemakemikari. Kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kunowanzo kushandisa kubviswa uye ion kuchinjanisa nzira. Kana ivo vashandiswa vaviri vaviri muchimiro chevakafumiswa praseodymium neodymium, avo kujairana kunogona kushandiswa zvizere, uye mutengo wakachipa kupfuura zvigadzirwa zvelement.
Praseodymium Neodymium Alloy(praseodymium neodymium simbi)rave chigadzirwa chakazvimirira, chinogona kushandiswa seyakagadzirwa nemagariro emagetsi ekusimbisa magoneti uye dia yekushomeka kwemari isina-ferus esimbi alloys. Chiitiko ichi, kusarudza uye kugadzikana kwe petroleum cracking catalyst kunogona kuwedzera praseodymium neodymium inotarisana muY zeolite molecular sosi. Semukati mepurasitiki yekuwedzeredza inowedzera, inowedzera praseodymium neodymium Enrichment kune Polytetrafluorohyleylene (PTFE) inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kuparara kwePTFE.
Rare pasiZvigadzirwa zvechigarire zvemhando yepamusoro ndiwo munda unonyanya kufarirwa wevanhu vasingawanzo plasitions nhasi. PRASEODYMUUM yega haina kusarudzika seyakaganhurana magineti magnet, asi chinhu chakanakisa synergistic icho chinogona kuvandudza masheni emagineti. Kuwedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwe praseodymium zvinogona kubatsira zvinobudirira kuita basa rekusingaperi maginiti. Inogona zvakare kugadzirisa iyo diaxidant kuita (mhepo corrosion kuramba) uye michina yezvimiro zvemaginhini, uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yakasiyana-siyana yemagetsi uye motors.
Praseodymium inogonawo kushandiswa nekukuya uye kupukuta zvinhu. Sezvo isu tese tinoziva, chakatsemuka cerium powder inowanzo kujekesa yero, inova yakakwirira-yemhando yekuputika yegirazi yegirazi, uye yakatsiva iyo yesimbi oxide Vanhu vakaona kuti praseodymium ine yakanaka kupukuta zvinhu. Pasi pasirese Powder ine prodyming praseodymium ichangoita kunge reddish brown Praseodymium zvakare yakashandiswawo seyakagadzirwa yekugeda yekugeda kugadzira corundu ekunyevera mavhiri ane praseodymium. Kuenzaniswa neWhite Alumina, kushanda zvakanaka uye kusakwana kunogona kuvandudzwa neanopfuura makumi matatu muzana kana kuchema carbon simbi, simbi yesimbi, uye yakakwirira tembiricha. Kuti uderedze mari, praseodymium neodymium yakarongedzwa zvinhu yaiwanzoitwa seyakagadzirwa zvinhu munguva yakapfuura, saka zita rePradymium neodymium corundu vhiri.
Siltelly makristasi akachinjika ne praseoodymium ion yakashandiswa kudzora kuderera kwemhepo yemazana emamita akati wandei.
Kuwedzera praseodymium Oxide kune Zirconium ichavhura yero inopenya uye inogona kushandiswa seyakafemerwa pigment - praseodymium yero. Praseodymium yero (zr02-pr6oll-si02) inoonekwa seyakanakisa yero ceramic pigment, iyo inoramba yakagadzikana kusvika 1000】 uye inogona kushandiswa kune imwe nguva kana kudzorera maitiro.
Praseodymium inoshandiswawo segirazi colant, ine mavara akapfuma uye musika wakanaka. Praseodymium girazi Girazi zvigadzirwa neLeek Green Green uye Scallion Green mavara anogona kugadzirwa, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzira mafirita akasvibira uye zvakare neyebu uye girazi girazi. Kuwedzera praseodymium oxide uye cerium oxide kugirazi inogona kushandiswa seghangu eWelding. Praseodymium Sulfide inogona zvakare kushandiswa segirini yepurasitiki.
Kutumira Nguva: May-29-2023