Kune imwe mhando yesimbi ine mashiripiti.Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, inoratidzika muchimiro chemvura semekiri.Ukaridonhedzera pagaba, uchashamisika kuona kuti bhodhoro racho rinoita kutetereka sepepa, uye rinotsemuka negoko chete.Mukuwedzera, kuidonhedza pamatare akadai semhangura nesimbi kunokonzerawo mamiriro ezvinhu aya, anogona kunzi "metal terminator".Chii chinoita kuti ive nehunhu hwakadaro?Nhasi tichapinda munyika yesimbi gallium.
1, Chii chinonzi elementgallium simbi
Gallium element iri muchikamu chechina IIIA boka mune periodic tafura yezvinhu.Iyo yekunyunguduka kwe pure gallium yakadzikira kwazvo, ingori 29.78 ℃, asi nzvimbo yekuvira inokwira se2204.8 ℃.Muzhizha, mazhinji acho aripo semvura uye anogona kunyungudutswa kana akaiswa muchanza.Kubva pane zviri pamusoro apa, tinogona kunzwisisa kuti gallium inogona kukanganisa mamwe masimbi chaizvo nekuda kwekudzika kwayo kunyungudika.Liquid gallium inoumba alloys nedzimwe simbi, chinova chiitiko chemashiripiti chambotaurwa.Zvirimo mugoko rePasi zvinongoita 0.001%, uye kuvepo kwayo hakuna kuwanikwa kusvika makore 140 apfuura.Muna 1871, nyanzvi yemakemikari yekuRussia Mendeleev akapfupisa tafura yeperiodic yezvinhu uye akafanotaura kuti mushure mezingi, pane zvakare chinhu chiri pasi pealuminium, chine zvinhu zvakafanana nealuminium uye inonzi "aluminium sechinhu".Muna 1875, musayendisiti wechiFrench Bowabordland paakanga achidzidza nezve spectral line mitemo yesimbi yemhuri imwe chete, akawana bhendi risinganzwisisike mu sphalerite (ZnS), saka akawana iyi "aluminium sechinhu", ndokuchitumidza zita renyika yake. France (Gaul, Latin Gallia), ine mucherechedzo Ga kumiririra chinhu ichi, saka gallium yakava chinhu chekutanga chakafanotaurwa munhoroondo yekuwanikwa kwemakemikari element, ndokuzowana chinhu chakasimbiswa mukuyedza.
Gallium inonyanya kugoverwa muChina, Germany, France, Australia, Kazakhstan nedzimwe nyika pasi rose, iyo iyo China gallium resource reserves inodarika 95% yenyika yose, inonyanya kugoverwa muShanxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Henan, Guangxi. nedzimwe nzvimbo [1].Panyaya yemhando yekugovera, Shanxi, Shandong nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinonyanya kuwanikwa mubauxite, Yunnan nedzimwe nzvimbo mune tin ore, uye Hunan nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinonyanya kuwanikwa mu sphalerite.Pakutanga kwekuwanikwa kwesimbi ye gallium, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekutsvaga kunoenderana nekushandiswa kwayo, vanhu vakagara vachitenda kuti isimbi ine yakaderera usability.Nekudaro, nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza tekinoroji yeruzivo uye nguva yesimba idzva uye yakakwirira-tech, gallium simbi yakagamuchira kutariswa sechinhu chakakosha mundima yeruzivo, uye kudiwa kwayo kwakawedzera zvakanyanya.
2, Minda Yekushandisa yeMetal Gallium
1. Semiconductor munda
Gallium inonyanya kushandiswa mumunda we semiconductor zvinhu, ine gallium arsenide (GaAs) zvinhu zviri izvo zvakanyanya kushandiswa uye tekinoroji ndiyo yakanyanya kukura.Semutakuri wekuparadzira ruzivo, semiconductor zvinhu zvinotora 80% kusvika 85% yehuwandu hwekushandisa gallium, inonyanya kushandiswa mukutaurirana pasina waya.Gallium arsenide simba amplifiers inogona kuwedzera kukurumidza kwekufambisa kwekukurukurirana kusvika ku100 nguva iyo ye 4G network, iyo inogona kuita basa rinokosha pakupinda munguva ye5G.Uyezve, gallium inogona kushandiswa semhepo yekupisa kupisa mune semiconductor application nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwekupisa, nzvimbo yakaderera yekunyungudika, yakanyanya kupisa conductivity, uye kuyerera kwakanaka kwekuita.Kushandisa gallium simbi muchimiro chegallium based alloy mune thermal interface zvinhu zvinogona kuvandudza kugona kwekupisa uye kugona kwemagetsi zvikamu.
2. Solar masero
Kuvandudzwa kwemasero ezuva kwaenda kubva pakutanga monocrystalline silicon solar masero kuenda ku polycrystalline silicon matete firimu masero.Nekuda kwemutengo wakakwira wepolycrystalline silicon matete firimu maseru, vaongorori vakawana mhangura indium gallium selenium nhete film (CIGS) masero mune semiconductor zvinhu [3].Masero eCIGS ane mabhenefiti emitengo yakaderera yekugadzira, yakakura batch kugadzirwa, uye yakakwira photoelectric shanduko yekuchinja, nekudaro kuve neyakakura tarisiro yebudiriro.Chechipiri, gallium arsenide solar masero ane mabhenefiti akakosha mukushandurwa kwehunyanzvi kana achienzaniswa nemasero matete emufirimu akagadzirwa nezvimwe zvinhu.Nekudaro, nekuda kwemutengo wepamusoro wekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvegallium arsenide, iye zvino ari kunyanya kushandiswa munzvimbo dzemuchadenga nemauto.
3. Simba reHydrogen
Nekuwedzera kwekuziva nezvedambudziko remagetsi pasi rose, vanhu vari kutsvaga kutsiva masimba asingadzokerikezve, ayo simba rehydrogen rinobuda pachena.Nekudaro, iyo yakakwira mutengo uye yakaderera kuchengetedza kwehydrogen kuchengetedza uye chekufambisa kunotadzisa kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi uhu.Sechinhu chakanyanya kuwanda chesimbi mugoko, aruminiyamu inogona kuita nemvura kuti ibudise hydrogen pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, inova yakanaka hydrogen yekuchengetera zvinhu, zvisinei, nekuda kweiyo nyore oxidation pamusoro pesimbi aruminiyamu kuita dense aruminiyamu oxide firimu. , iyo inodzivisa kuita, vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti yakaderera kunyunguduka kwesimbi gallium inogona kuumba alloy nealuminium, uye gallium inogona kunyungudutsa pamusoro pealuminium oxide coating, zvichiita kuti mhinduro ienderere mberi [4], uye gallium yesimbi inogona kushandiswa zvakare uye kushandiswa zvakare. .Kushandiswa kwealuminium gallium alloy zvinhu zvinogadzirisa zvikuru dambudziko rekukurumidza kugadzirira uye kuchengetedza kwakachengeteka uye kutakura kwesimba rehydrogen, kuvandudza kuchengeteka, hupfumi, nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
4. Munda wezvokurapa
Gallium inowanzoshandiswa munharaunda yezvokurapa nekuda kweiyo yakasiyana nemwaranzi maitiro, iyo inogona kushandiswa pakufungidzira uye kuvharidzira mamota akaipa.Gallium makomisheni ane pachena antifungal uye antibacterial zviitiko, uye pakupedzisira anowana sterilization nekukanganisa bhakitiriya metabolism.Uye gallium alloys inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mathermometers, akadai segallium indium tin thermometers, rudzi rutsva rwemvura yesimbi alloy iyo yakachengeteka, isina chepfu, uye inochengetedza zvakatipoteredza, uye inogona kushandiswa kutsiva huturu hwemercury thermometers.Pamusoro pezvo, chimwe chikamu chegallium based alloy chinotsiva iyo yechinyakare sirivheri amalgam uye inoshandiswa mumakiriniki ekushandisa sechinhu chitsva chekuzadza mazino.
3, Outlook
Kunyange zvazvo China iri imwe yevanonyanya kugadzira gallium pasi rose, pachine matambudziko akawanda muindasitiri yeChina yegallium.Nekuda kweiyo yakaderera yemukati yegallium seshamwari yechicherwa, mabhizinesi ekugadzira gallium akapararira, uye kune asina kusimba zvinongedzo mumaindasitiri ketani.Muitiro wemigodhi une kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwakakomba, uye simba rekugadzira re-high-purity gallium harina kusimba, kunyanya kutsamira pakutumira kunze gallium yakaoma nemitengo yakaderera uye kupinza gallium yakacheneswa nemitengo yakakwira.Zvisinei, nekuvandudzwa kwesainzi neruzivo rwemichina, kuvandudzwa kwemararamiro evanhu, uye kushandiswa kwakapararira kwegallium mundima dzeruzivo nesimba, kudiwa kwegallium kuchawedzerawo nekukurumidza.Tekinoroji yekugadzira yakadzokera kumashure ye-high-purity gallium ichange iine zvipingaidzo pakuvandudza maindasitiri eChina.Kugadzira matekinoroji matsva kwakakosha zvikuru kuwana budiriro yemhando yepamusoro yesainzi uye tekinoroji muChina.
Nguva yekutumira: May-17-2023