Kugadzirira kweRare Earth Metals
Kugadzirwa kweasingawanzo pasi simbi kunozivikanwa zvakare se isingawanzo pasi pyrometallurgical kugadzirwa.Rare earth metalsanowanzo kupatsanurwa kuita zvakasanganiswa zvisingawanzo simbi dzepasi uye imwechete isingawanzo simbi dzepasi.Kuumbwa kwesimbi isingawanzoitiki yakasanganiswa kwakafanana neyekutanga isingawanzo kugadzirwa pasi muore, uye simbi imwe chete isimbi yakaparadzaniswa uye inonatswa kubva kune imwe neimwe pasi isingawanzo.Zvakaoma kuderedza zvisingawanzoitiki pasi oxides (kunze kwemaokisi esamarium, europium, ytterbium, uye thulium) musimbi imwe chete uchishandisa nzira dzakawanda dzesimbi, nekuda kwekupisa kwavo kwekuumbwa uye kugadzikana kwakanyanya.Naizvozvo, izvo zvinowanzo shandiswa mbishi kugadzirwa kweasingawanzo pasi simbi ma chlorides avo uye fluorides.
(1) Yakanyungudutswa munyu electrolysis nzira
Kugadzirwa kwakawanda kweakasanganiswa isingawanzo simbi dzepasi muindasitiri kazhinji inoshandisa yakanyungudutswa munyu electrolysis nzira.Iyi nzira inosanganisira kudziyisa uye kunyunguduka zvisingawanzo makemikari epasi akadai seasingawanzo pasi chlorides, uyezve electrolysis kuti iwedzere isingawanzo simbi yepasi pane cathode.Pane nzira mbiri dze electrolysis: chloride electrolysis uye oxide electrolysis.Iyo nzira yekugadzirira yeimwe isingawanzo simbi yepasi inosiyana zvichienderana nechinhu.Samarium, europium, ytterbium, uye thulium hazvina kukodzera kugadzirwa kwe electrolytic nekuda kwehutsi hwepamusoro, uye panzvimbo pacho zvinogadzirirwa kushandisa nzira yekuderedza distillation.Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kugadzirwa ne electrolysis kana simbi yekuderedza kupisa nzira.
Chloride electrolysis ndiyo nzira yakajairika yekugadzira simbi, kunyanya kune yakasanganiswa isingawanzo simbi dzepasi.Iyo nzira iri nyore, inodhura-inoshanda, uye inoda mari shoma.Zvisinei, chikuru chinokanganisa kusunungurwa kwegesi yeklorini, iyo inosvibisa nharaunda.
Oxide electrolysis haiburitse magasi anokuvadza, asi mutengo wakakwira zvishoma.Kazhinji, mapasi epasi asina kujairika ane mutengo wepamusoro akadai seneodymium nepraseodymium anogadzirwa achishandisa oxide electrolysis.
(2) Vacuum thermal kuderedza nzira
Iyo electrolysis nzira inogona chete kugadzirira general maindasitiri giredhi isingawanzo pasi simbi.Kugadzira simbi dzine tsvina yakaderera uye kuchena kwakanyanya, vacuum yekudzikisa kupisa nzira inowanzoshandiswa.Kazhinji, maokisidhi epasi asingawanzo anotanga kugadzirwa kuita isingawanzo pasi fluoride, iyo inoderedzwa nesimbi yecalcium muvacuum induction vira kuti iwane simbi isina kuchena.Zvadaro, ivo vanonyungudutswa uye vakanyungudutswa kuti vawane simbi dzakachena.Iyi nzira inogona kuburitsa simbi imwe chete isingawanzo simbi, asi samarium, europium, ytterbium, uye thulium haigone kushandiswa.
Iyo oxidation yekuderedza kugona kwesamarium, europium, ytterbium, thuliumuye calcium yakangoderedza zvishoma pasi rose fluoride.Kazhinji, simbi idzi dzinogadzirwa nekushandisa musimboti wehutsi hwepamusoro hwesimbi idzi uye mhute yakaderera yelanthanum simbi, kusanganisa uye briquetting maokisi epasi ina isingawanzo kugadzirwa nemarara elanthanum simbi, nekudzidzikisa muvira reVacuum..Lanthanumiri kushanda zvishoma.Samarium, europium, ytterbium, uye thuliuminoderedzwa ne lanthanum mugoridhe uye inounganidzwa pane condenser, iyo iri nyore kuparadzanisa kubva kune slag.
笔记
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-19-2023