Iyo papillary mapatani paminwe yemunhu anoramba asina kuchinjika muchimiro chavo chepamusoro kubva pakuzvarwa, aine hunhu hwakasiyana kubva kumunhu kuenda kumunhu, uye mapatani epapillary pamunwe wega wega wemunhu mumwe chete akasiyana.Iyo papilla pateni paminwe inotenderedzwa uye inogoverwa neakawanda sweat pores.Muviri wemunhu unoramba uchivanza zvinhu zvine mvura zvakaita sedikita uye zvinhu zvine mafuta zvakaita seoiri.Zvinhu izvi zvinozotamisa uye kuisa pachinhu pazvichasangana, zvichigadzira maratidziro pachinhu.Izvo chaizvo nekuda kwehunhu hwakasiyana hwekudhindwa kwemaoko, senge hunhu hwavo hwemunhu, kugadzikana kwehupenyu hwese, uye ratidziro yemavara ekubata kuti zvigunwe zvave chiratidzo chinozivikanwa chekuferefetwa kwemhosva uye kuzivikanwa kwemunhu kubva pakatanga kushandiswa kwezvigunwe zvekuzivikanwa. mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19.
Panzvimbo yekupara mhosva, kunze kweatatu-dimensional uye akafuratira zvigunwe zvine mavara, mwero wekuitika wezvingangoita zvigunwe zvemunwe ndiwo wepamusoro.Zvingangove zvigunwe zvemunwe zvinowanzoda kugadziriswa kwekuona kuburikidza nekuita kwemuviri kana kemikari.Iyo yakajairika nzira dzekusimudzira zvigunwe zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira kukura kwemaziso, kuvandudza hupfu, uye kugadzirwa kwemakemikari.Pakati pavo, kuvandudzwa kwehupfu kunofarirwa nezvikamu zvepasi nekuda kwekushanda kwayo nyore uye mutengo wakaderera.Nekudaro, izvo zvinogumira zvechinyakare hupfu hwakavakirwa zvigunwe zvigunwe zvinoratidzira hazvichasangana nezvinodiwa zvematsotsi matekiniki, seakaomarara uye akasiyana mavara uye zvinhu zvechinhu chiri panzvimbo yemhosva, uye kusakosha kusiyanisa pakati pezvigunwe uye kumashure kwemavara;Saizi, chimiro, viscosity, kuumbwa ratio, uye kuita kwehupfu zvidimbu zvinokanganisa kunzwisiswa kwekuonekwa kwehupfu;Kusarudzwa kwehupfu hwechinyakare kwakashata, kunyanya kukwidziridzwa kwezvinhu zvakanyorova pahupfu, izvo zvinoderedza zvakanyanya kusarudzwa kwechinyakare hupfu.Mumakore achangopfuura, sainzi yematsotsi uye tekinoroji vashandi vanga vachiramba vachitsvaga zvinhu zvitsva uye nzira dzekubatanidza, pakati pavorare pasiLuminescent zvinhu zvakakwezva kutarisisa kwevashandi vezvematsotsi uye tekinoroji nekuda kwekusiyana kwavo kwerunescent zvimiro, musiyano wepamusoro, kunzwa kwakanyanya, kusarudzwa kwepamusoro, uye kuderera muchetura mukushandiswa kwezvigunwe kuratidza.Iwo akazadzwa zvishoma nezvishoma 4f orbitals yezvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi zvinoapa iwo akapfuma kwazvo mazinga esimba, uye 5s uye 5P layer maelectron orbitals ezvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi zvinozadzwa zvakazara.Iwo ma 4f layer maerekitironi anodzivirirwa, achipa maerekitironi e4f layer yakasarudzika yekufamba.Naizvozvo, zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi zvinoratidzira zvakanakisa photostability uye kugadzikana kwekemikari pasina photobleaching, kukunda zvipimo zveanowanzo shandiswa dhayi.Pamusoro pe,rare pasizvinhu zvakare zvine epamusoro magetsi uye magineti zvivakwa zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvinhu.Iyo yakasarudzika optical properties yerare pasimaion, akadai sehupenyu hurefu hwefluorescence, akawanda akatetepa kunyura uye mabhendi ekuburitsa, uye hombe yekunyudza simba uye emission gap, zvakwezva kutarisisa kwakapararira mukutsvaga kwakabatana kwekuratidzwa kweminwe.
Pakati pevazhinjirare pasizvinhu,europiumndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa luminescent material.Demarcay, muvambi weeuropiummuna 1900, yakatanga kutsanangura mitsetse yakapinza mukutora kweEu3 + mumhinduro.Muna 1909, Urban yakatsanangura cathodoluminescence yeGd2O3: EU3+.Muna 1920, Prandtl akatanga kuburitsa iyo yekutorwa kweEu3+, achisimbisa zvakaonekwa naDe Mare.Kutorwa kweEu3 + kunoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1. Eu3 + inowanzowanikwa paC2 orbital kuti ifambise kushanduka kwema electrons kubva ku5D0 kusvika ku7F2 mazinga, nokudaro kusunungura tsvuku yefluorescence.Eu3 + inogona kuwana shanduko kubva pasi pasi maerekitironi kuenda kune yakaderera inonakidza mamiriro esimba mukati meinooneka wavelength renji.Pasi pekunakidzwa kwechiedza che ultraviolet, Eu3 + inoratidza yakasimba tsvuku photoluminescence.Iyi mhando ye photoluminescence haingoshandi kune Eu3 + ion chete yakaiswa mukristaro substrates kana magirazi, asiwo kune yakaoma akagadzirwa ne.europiumuye organic ligands.Aya ma ligand anogona kushanda sema antenna kuti atore excitation luminescence uye kuendesa excitation simba kune yakakwirira simba mazinga eEu3 + ions.Kunyanya kukosha kwekushandisa kweeuropiumndiyo tsvuku yefluorescent powderY2O3: Eu3 + (YOX) chinhu chakakosha chemarambi efluorescent.Chiedza chitsvuku cheEu3 + chinogona kuwanikwa kwete chete ne ultraviolet chiedza, asiwo ne electron beam (cathodoluminescence), X-ray γ Radiation α kana β Particle, electroluminescence, frictional kana mechanical luminescence, uye chemiluminescence nzira.Nekuda kwehupfumi hwayo hwekuvhenekesa zvivakwa, inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya biological probe muminda yebiomedical kana biological sainzi.Mumakore achangopfuura, yakamutsawo kufarira kwekutsvagisa kwevashandi vezvematsotsi uye tekinoroji mumunda wesainzi yezvemberi, ichipa sarudzo yakanaka yekutyora zvipingamupinyi zvechinyakare hupfu nzira yekuratidzira zvigunwe, uye ine kukosha kwakakosha mukuvandudza musiyano. sensitivity, uye kusarudzwa kwezvigunwe kuratidza.
Mufananidzo 1 Eu3 + Absorption Spectrogram
1, Luminescence musimboti werare pasi europiumcomplexes
Nzvimbo yepasi uye inonakidza mamiriro emagetsi magadzirirwo eeuropiumions ari maviri 4fn mhando.Nekuda kwekudzivirira kwakanaka kweiyo s uye d orbitals kutenderedzaeuropiumions pa4f orbitals, iyo ff shanduko yeeuropiummaion anoratidza akapinza mitsara mabhendi uye kureba kwehupenyu hwefluorescence.Nekudaro, nekuda kweiyo yakaderera photoluminescence kunyatsoshanda kweeuropium ions mu ultraviolet uye inooneka nzvimbo dzechiedza, organic ligands anoshandiswa kugadzira macomplexes ane.europiumions yekuvandudza kunyura kweiyo ultraviolet uye inooneka nzvimbo dzechiedza.Iyo fluorescence inoburitswa neeuropiummacomplexes haangove neakasarudzika mabhenefiti epamusoro fluorescence intensity uye yakakwira fluorescence kuchena, asi zvakare anogona kuvandudzwa nekushandisa yakanyanya kunyudzwa kweiyo organic komisheni muultraviolet uye inooneka nzvimbo dzechiedza.The excitation simba rinodiwaeuropiumion photoluminescence yakakwira Kushaya kwekuderera kwefluorescence kunyatsoshanda.Pane maviri makuru luminescence misimboti yerare pasi europiumcomplexes: imwe inonzi photoluminescence, inoda ligand yeeuropiumcomplexes;Chimwe chinhu ndechekuti iyo antenna mhedzisiro inogona kuvandudza kunzwa kweeuropiumion luminescence.
Mushure mekunakidzwa nekunze ultraviolet kana mwenje unooneka, iyo organic ligand murare pasishanduko dzakaoma kubva pasi pasi S0 kuenda kune inonakidza singlet state S1.Maerekitironi ehurumende anofara haana kugadzikana uye anodzokera kumamiriro epasi S0 kuburikidza nemwaranzi, achisunungura simba kuti ligand ribudise fluorescence, kana kusvetukira kunharaunda yaro yekufara katatu T1 kana T2 kuburikidza nenzira dzisiri dzemagetsi;Triple excited states inoburitsa simba kuburikidza nemwaranzi kuburitsa ligand phosphorescence, kana kuendesa simba kunesimbi europiumions kuburikidza ne-non-radiative intramolecular energy transfer;Mushure mekufara, europium ions inoshandura kubva pasi pasi kuenda kune imwe nyika inofadza, uyeeuropiumions mune yekunakidzwa mamiriro ekuchinja kune yakaderera simba mwero, pakupedzisira achidzokera kumamiriro epasi, kuburitsa simba uye kugadzira fluorescence.Naizvozvo, nekuunza yakakodzera organic ligands yekudyidzana nayorare pasiions uye kusimudzira epakati simbi ions kuburikidza neasina radiative simba rekufambisa mukati memamorekuru, iyo fluorescence mhedzisiro yeasingawanzo pasi ion inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya uye chinodiwa chekunze kwesimba rekusimudzira chinogona kuderedzwa.Ichi chiitiko chinozivikanwa seantenna mhedzisiro ye ligands.Iyo simba level dhizaini yekuchinjisa simba muEu3 + complexes inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 2.
Muchiito chekufambisa simba kubva kunhatu inonakidza nyika kuenda kuEu3 +, iyo simba reiyo ligand triplet inonakidzwa nyika inodiwa kuti ive yakakwirira kupfuura kana kuenderana nechiyero chesimba reEu3 + inonakidza nyika.Asi kana iyo triplet simba nhanho ye ligand yakakura kupfuura iyo yakaderera yekunakidzwa simba reEu3 +, iyo simba rekufambisa simba richadzikiswa zvakanyanya.Kana mutsauko uripo pakati pekatatu mamiriro eiyo ligand uye yakaderera yekunakidzwa mamiriro eEu3 + idiki, iyo fluorescence intensity inopera simba nekuda kwesimba rekupisa kwekupisa kweiyo triplet state ye ligand.β- Diketone complexes ine zvakanakira yeakasimba UV absorption coefficient, yakasimba kurongeka kugona, kushanda nesimba kwekufambisa nerare pasis, uye inogona kuvapo mumhando mbiri dzakasimba uye dzemvura, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa ligand mukatirare pasicomplexes.
Mufananidzo 2 Energy level dhizaini yekuchinjisa simba muEu3 + yakaoma
2.Synthesis Nzira yeRare Earth EuropiumComplexes
2.1 Kupisa kwakanyanya kwakasimba-state synthesis nzira
Iyo yepamusoro-tembiricha yakasimba-nyika nzira inowanzoshandiswa nzira yekugadzirirarare pasiluminescent zvinhu, uye zvakare inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri.Iyo yepamusoro-tembiricha solid-state synthesis nzira ndeyekuita kwechinhu chakasimba pasi pemamiriro ekushisa kwepamusoro (800-1500 ℃) kugadzira makomisheni matsva nekuparadzanisa kana kutakura maatomu akasimba kana maion.Iyo yakakwirira-yekushisa yakasimba-chikamu nzira inoshandiswa kugadzirirarare pasicomplexes.Chekutanga, mareactants anosanganiswa mune imwe chikamu, uye huwandu hwakakodzera hwekuyerera hunowedzerwa kune dhaka kuitira kunyatsokuya kuitira kuti yunifomu isanganiswe.Mushure mezvo, zvigadziriso zvepasi zvinoiswa muchoto chepamusoro-soro che calcination.Munguva yecalcination process, oxidation, kuderedza, kana inert magasi anogona kuzadzwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekuyedza maitiro.Mushure mepamusoro-tembiricha calcination, matrix ine chaiyo crystal chimiro inoumbwa, uye activator isingawanzo pasi ion inowedzerwa kwairi kuti iite luminescent centre.Iyo calcined yakaoma inoda kutonhora, kucheneswa, kuomeswa, kugayazve, calcination, uye kuongorora pakamuri tembiricha kuti uwane chigadzirwa.Kazhinji, maitiro akawanda ekukuya uye calcination anodiwa.Kugaya kwakawanda kunogona kumhanyisa kukurumidza kuita uye kuita kuti mhinduro ikwane.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti maitiro ekukuya anowedzera nzvimbo yekusangana yeanogadzirisa, zvakanyanya kunatsiridza kupararira uye kufambisa kumhanya kweiyoni nemamorekuru mune zvinogadzirisa, nekudaro zvinovandudza kuita kwekuita.Nekudaro, dzakasiyana calcination nguva uye tembiricha zvichave nemhedzisiro pachimiro chekristaro matrix yakaumbwa.
Iyo yepamusoro-tembiricha yakasimba-yenyika nzira ine zvakanakira nyore mashandiro ekuita, mutengo wakaderera, uye nguva pfupi yekushandisa, zvichiita kuti ive yakakura kugadzirira tekinoroji.Zvisinei, zvipingamupinyi zvikuru zveyepamusoro-tembiricha yakasimba-nyika nzira ndeiyi: kutanga, iyo inodiwa yekuita tembiricha yakanyanya, inoda midziyo yakakwira uye zviridzwa, inopedza simba rakawanda, uye inonetsa kudzora crystal morphology.Chigadzirwa morphology haina kuenzana, uye inotoita kuti iyo crystal state ikuvadzwe, inokanganisa kuita kwe luminescence.Chechipiri, kusakwana kukuya kunoita kuti zviome kuti zvinogadzirisa zvisanganise zvakaenzana, uye makristasi akakura.Nekuda kwemanyorero kana mechani kugaya, tsvina inosanganiswa zvisingaite kukanganisa luminescence, zvichikonzera kuchena kwechigadzirwa.Nyaya yechitatu ndeye kusaenzana kwekuvhara application uye kushata density panguva yekuita application.Lai et al.akagadzira nhevedzano yeSr5 (PO4) 3Cl imwe-phase polychromatic fluorescent poda yakasanganiswa neEu3+ uye Tb3+ichishandisa iyo yechinyakare-yepamusoro-tembiricha yakasimba-nyika nzira.Pasi pe-ultraviolet excitation, iyo fluorescent poda inogona kushandura luminescence ruvara rwephosphor kubva kunharaunda yebhuruu kuenda kunzvimbo yakasvibira zvichienderana neiyo doping concentration, ichivandudza hurema hweyakaderera color rendering index uye yakakwirira yakabatana ruvara tembiricha muchena mwenje-emitting diodes. .Kunyanya kushandiswa kwesimba ndiro dambudziko guru mukugadzirwa kwe borophosphate based fluorescent powders nepamusoro-tembiricha yakasimba-nyika nzira.Parizvino, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzakazvipira kugadzira uye kutsvaga matrices akakodzera kugadzirisa dambudziko rekushandisa simba repamusoro-tembiricha yakasimba-nyika nzira.Muna 2015, Hasegawa et al.akapedza kutsika-kupisa kwakasimba-mamiriro ekugadzirira kweLi2NaBP2O8 (LNBP) chikamu uchishandisa P1 space group ye triclinic system kekutanga.Muna 2020, Zhu et al.yakashuma yakadzika-tembiricha yakasimba-nyika synthesis nzira yeinoveli Li2NaBP2O8: Eu3+ (LNBP: Eu) phosphor, ichiongorora yakaderera mashandisiro esimba uye yakaderera-inodhura nzira yekubatanidza yeinorganic phosphors.
2.2 Co kunaya nzira
Iyo co precipitation nzira zvakare inowanzoshandiswa "soft chemical" synthesis nzira yekugadzirira inorganic rare Earth luminescent materials.Iyo co precipitation method inosanganisira kuwedzera precipitant kune reactant, iyo inopindirana ne cations mune imwe neimwe reactant kuti igadzire mvura kana hydrolyze reactant pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu kuti iite oxides, hydroxides, insoluble salts, nezvimwewo. kuwacha, kuomesa, uye mamwe maitiro.Zvakanakira co kunaya kwemvura nzira iri nyore kushanda, nguva pfupi yekushandisa, yakaderera simba rekushandisa, uye yakakwira chigadzirwa kuchena.Kunyanya kukosha kwayo ndeyekuti diki diki saizi inogona kuburitsa zvakananga nanocrystals.Izvo zvipingamupinyi zve co precipitation method ndezvi: kutanga, chiitiko chekubatanidza chigadzirwa chakawanikwa chakanyanya, chinokanganisa kushanda kwe luminescent ye fluorescent material;Chechipiri, chimiro chechigadzirwa hachina kujeka uye chakaoma kudzora;Chechitatu, pane zvimwe zvinodikanwa pakusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvakabikwa, uye mamiriro emvura pakati pega reactant anofanirwa kunge akafanana kana kufanana sezvinobvira, izvo zvisina kukodzera kushandiswa kweakawanda masisitimu zvikamu.K. Petcharoen et al.synthesized spherical magnetite nanoparticles achishandisa ammonium hydroxide senzira yekunaya uye kemikari co kunaya.Acetic acid uye oleic acid yakaunzwa sevashandi vekuvhara panguva yekutanga crystallization nhanho, uye saizi yemagnetite nanoparticles yakadzorwa mukati meiyo 1-40nm nekushandura tembiricha.Iyo yakapararira zvakanaka magineti nanoparticles mune aqueous mhinduro yakawanikwa kuburikidza nepamusoro pekugadzirisa, kuvandudza iyo agglomeration phenomenon yezvimedu mune co kunaya nzira.Kee et al.akaenzanisa mhedzisiro ye hydrothermal nzira uye co kunaya nzira pachimiro, chimiro, uye particle size yeEu-CSH.Vakataura kuti nzira yehydrothermal inogadzira nanoparticles, nepo nzira yekunaya inoburitsa submicron prismatic particles.Kuenzaniswa neco precipitation method, iyo hydrothermal nzira inoratidza yakakwirira crystallinity uye zviri nani photoluminescence intensity mukugadzirira Eu-CSH poda.JK Han et al.yakagadzira novel co precipitation method ichishandisa non aqueous solvent N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) kugadzirira (Ba1-xSrx) 2SiO4: Eu2 phosphors ine nhete saizi kugovera uye yakakwirira quantum kunyatsoshanda pedyo spherical nano kana submicron size particles.DMF inogona kuderedza kuita kwepolymerization uye kudzikamisa chiyero chekuita panguva yekunaya kwemvura, zvichibatsira kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwechikamu.
2.3 Hydrothermal/solvent thermal synthesis method
Iyo nzira yehydrothermal yakatanga pakati pezana ramakore rechi 19 apo nyanzvi dzepasi dzakatevedzera kugadzirwa kwemaminerari.Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, dzidziso yacho yakakura zvishoma nezvishoma uye parizvino ndeimwe yeanovimbisa mhinduro kemisitiri nzira.Hydrothermal nzira inzira inoshandiswa muutsi hwemvura kana mvura ine mvura senge yepakati (kutakura maion nemapoka emamorekuru uye kufambisa kumanikidza) kusvika kune subcritical kana supercritical mamiriro munzvimbo yepamusoro-tembiricha uye yakanyanya kuvharika nharaunda (iyo yekare ine tembiricha ye100-240 ℃, nepo iyo yekupedzisira iine tembiricha inosvika 1000 ℃), inomhanyisa hydrolysis reaction rate yezvinhu zvakabikwa, uye pasi peconvection yakasimba, maion uye mapoka emamorekuru anopararira kune yakaderera tembiricha yekudzokorora.Iyo tembiricha, pH kukosha, nguva yekuita, kutarisisa, uye rudzi rwe precursor panguva ye hydrolysis process inokanganisa chiyero chekuita, kutaridzika kwekristaro, chimiro, chimiro, uye chiyero chekukura kune akasiyana madhigirii.Kuwedzera kwekushisa hakusi kungokurumidzisa kuparara kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira, asiwo kunowedzera iko kudhumhana kwemamorekuru kusimudzira kuumbwa kwekristaro.Kukura kwakasiyana kweyega yekristaro ndege mupH makristasi ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa chikamu chekristaro, saizi, uye morphology.Kureba kwekuita nguva kunobatawo kukura kwekristaro, uye iyo yakareba nguva, inonyanya kufarirwa ndeyekukura kwekristaro.
Zvakanakira nzira ye hydrothermal inonyanya kuratidzwa mu: chekutanga, yakakwira crystal kuchena, hapana kusvibiswa kwetsvina, yakamanikana particle size distribution, high goho, uye zvakasiyana-siyana chigadzirwa morphology;Chechipiri ndechekuti maitiro ekushanda ari nyore, mutengo wakaderera, uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwakaderera.Mazhinji ekuita kunoitwa munzvimbo dzepakati kusvika kune dzakaderera tembiricha, uye maitiro ekuita ari nyore kudzora.Rudzi rwekushandisa rwakakura uye runogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirira zvemhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu;Chechitatu, kumanikidzwa kwekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwakaderera uye kune hushamwari kune hutano hwevashandi.Zvipingamupinyi zvayo zvikuru ndezvekuti iyo inotangira maitiro inokanganiswa nyore nemamiriro ekunze pH, tembiricha, uye nguva, uye chigadzirwa chine yakaderera okisijeni yemukati.
Iyo solvothermal nzira inoshandisa organic solvents seyekuita svikiro, ichiwedzera kuwedzera kushandiswa kweiyo hydrothermal nzira.Nekuda kwekusiyana kwakakosha kwemuviri nemakemikari zvivakwa pakati peorganic solvents nemvura, maitiro ekuita akanyanya kuomarara, uye chitarisiko, chimiro, uye saizi yechigadzirwa zvakatosiyana.Nallappan et al.akagadzirwa MoOx makristasi ane akasiyana morphologies kubva pashizha kuenda ku nanorod nekudzora mabatiro enguva yehydrothermal nzira uchishandisa sodium dialkyl sulfate sekristaro inotungamira mumiriri.Dianwen Hu et al.synthesized composite materials based on polyoxymolybdenum cobalt (CoPMA) uye UiO-67 kana ine bipyridyl mapoka (UiO-bpy) vachishandisa solvothermal nzira nekugadzirisa synthesis mamiriro.
2.4 Sol gel nzira
Sol gel nzira inzira yechinyakare chemakemikari yekugadzira inorganic inoshanda zvinhu, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirira kwesimbi nanomaterials.Muna 1846, Elbelmen akatanga kushandisa nzira iyi kugadzirira SiO2, asi kushandiswa kwayo kwakanga kusati kwakura.Iyo nzira yekugadzirira inonyanya kuwedzera isingawanzo pasi ion activator mune yekutanga mhinduro mhinduro kuita kuti solvent iwedzere kugadzira gel, uye gel rakagadzirirwa rinowana chinonangwa chigadzirwa mushure mekurapwa kwekushisa.Iyo phosphor inogadzirwa neiyo sol gel nzira ine yakanaka morphology uye chimiro chechimiro, uye chigadzirwa chine diki yunifomu saizi, asi kupenya kwayo kunoda kuvandudzwa.Nzira yekugadzirira ye-sol-gel nzira iri nyore uye iri nyore kushanda, kutonhora kwekuita kwakaderera, uye kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza kwakakwirira, asi nguva yakareba, uye chiyero chega chega chekurapa chishoma.Gaponenko et al.yakagadzirirwa amorphous BaTiO3 / SiO2 multilayer chimiro ne centrifugation uye kupisa kurapwa sol-gel nzira ine yakanaka transmissivity uye refractive index, uye yakaratidza kuti refractive index yeBaTiO3 firimu ichawedzera nekuwedzera kwe sol concentration.Muna 2007, boka rekutsvagisa raLiu L rakabudirira kutora iyo yakanyanya fluorescent uye yakareruka yakagadzika Eu3+simbi ion/sensitizer yakaoma mu silica yakavakirwa nanocomposites uye doped yakaoma gel vachishandisa sol gel nzira.Mumisanganiswa yakati wandei yezvakasiyana zvakabva kune zvisingawanzo sensitizer epasi uye silica nanoporous templates, kushandiswa kwe1,10-phenanthroline (OP) sensitizer mutetraethoxysilane (TEOS) template inopa yakanakisa fluorescence doped yakaoma gel kuyedza iyo inotaridzika zvinhu yeEu3+.
2.5 Microwave synthesis nzira
Microwave synthesis nzira inzira nyowani yakasvibira uye isina kusvibiswa-isina makemikari synthesis nzira ichienzaniswa nepamusoro-tembiricha yakasimba-nyika nzira, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira zvinhu, kunyanya mumunda wenanomaterial synthesis, inoratidza kunaka kwekusimudzira.Microwave is electromagnetic wave ine wavelength iri pakati pe1nn ne1m.Microwave nzira ndiyo maitiro ayo microscopic zvimedu mukati mekutanga zvinhu zvinopinda polarization pasi pesimba rekunze remagetsi emunda simba.Sezvo kutungamira kweiyo microwave yemagetsi munda inochinja, mafambiro uye marongero ekutungamira kwe dipoles zvinoshanduka zvichiramba.Mhinduro ye hysteresis ye dipoles, pamwe nekushandurwa kwesimba ravo rekupisa pasina kudiwa kwekudhumhana, kupokana, uye kurasikirwa kwedielectric pakati peatomu nemamorekuru, inowana kupisa mhedzisiro.Nekuda kwekuti kupisa kwe microwave kunogona kupisa iyo yese reaction system uye kuita simba nekukurumidza, nekudaro kusimudzira kufambira mberi kwe organic reaction, zvichienzaniswa nemaitiro ekugadzirira, microwave synthesis nzira ine zvakanakira kukurumidza kuita kukurumidza, kuchengetedzwa kwegirinhi, diki uye yunifomu. material particle size, uye high phase kuchena.Nekudaro, mishumo mizhinji parizvino inoshandisa microwave absorbers senge kabhoni poda, Fe3O4, uye MnO2 kupa zvisina kunanga kupisa kwekuita.Zvinhu zvinonyudzwa zviri nyore nema microwaves uye zvinogona kumisa mareactants pachawo zvinoda kumwe kuongororwa.Liu et al.yakasanganisa nzira yekunaya kwemvura neiyo microwave nzira yekugadzira yakachena spinel LiMn2O4 ine porous morphology uye yakanaka zvivakwa.
2.6 Nzira yekupisa
Iyo nzira yekupisa yakavakirwa pamaitiro echinyakare ekudziya, ayo anoshandisa organic zvinhu combustion kugadzira icho chinonangwa chigadzirwa mushure mekunge mhinduro yanyungudika kusvika pakuoma.Iyo gasi inogadzirwa nekupisa kweiyo organic matter inogona kunyatso kudzikisa kuitika kweagglomeration.Kuenzaniswa neyakasimba-nyika yekudziya nzira, inoderedza kushandiswa kwesimba uye inokodzera zvigadzirwa zvine yakaderera kuita tembiricha zvinodiwa.Nekudaro, maitiro ekuita anoda kuwedzerwa kwe organic compounds, izvo zvinowedzera mutengo.Iyi nzira ine diki yekugadzirisa simba uye haina kukodzera kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri.Chigadzirwa chinogadzirwa nenzira yekupisa chine diki uye yunifomu particle size, asi nekuda kwekupfupika kwekuita maitiro, panogona kunge paine makristasi asina kukwana, ayo anokanganisa luminescence performance yemakristasi.Anning et al.yakashandisa La2O3, B2O3, uye Mg semidziyo yekutanga uye yakashandiswa munyu yakabatsira kupisa magadzirirwo kugadzira LaB6 hupfu mumabhechi munguva pfupi.
3. Kushandiswa kwerare pasi europiumcomplexes mukuvandudza zvigunwe
Powder kuratidza nzira ndeimwe yeakanyanya uye yechinyakare zvigunwe kuratidza nzira.Parizvino, hupfu hunoratidza mafingerprints hunogona kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: hupfu hwechinyakare, hwakadai sehupfu hwemagineti hunoumbwa nehupfu hwesimbi yakatsetseka nekabhoni hupfu;Metal poda, senge goridhe hupfu,sirivha upfu, uye mamwe masimbi ehupfu ane network network;Fluorescent poda.Nekudaro, hupfu hwechinyakare hunowanzo kuve nekunetseka kukuru mukuratidza mafingerprints kana ekare mafingerprints pazvinhu zvakaoma zvekumashure zvinhu, uye ane imwe huturu hunoita hutano hwevashandisi.Mumakore achangopfuura, sainzi yematsotsi uye tekinoroji vashandi vakawedzera kufarira kushandiswa kwenano fluorescent zvinhu zvekuratidza zvigunwe.Nekuda kweiyo yakasarudzika luminescent zvivakwa zveEu3 + uye kupararira kushandiswa kwerare pasizvinhu,rare pasi europiummacomplexes haana kungoita nzvimbo yekutsvagisa mumunda wesainzi yezvesainzi, asi zvakare nekupa mazano akakura ekutsvagisa ekuratidza zvigunwe.Nekudaro, Eu3+muzvinwiwa kana zvimisikidzo haina kunyudzwa kwechiedza uye inoda kusanganiswa nema ligand kuti ijekese uye kuburitsa mwenje, zvichiita kuti Eu3+ iratidze yakasimba uye inoramba ichienderera mberi fluorescence zvivakwa.Parizvino, ma ligands anowanzo shandiswa anonyanya kusanganisira β- Diketones, carboxylic acids uye carboxylate salts, organic polymers, supramolecular macrocycles, etc. Nekutsvakurudza kwakadzama uye kushandiswa kwerare pasi europiumcomplexes, zvakaonekwa kuti munzvimbo dzine hunyoro, kutedera kwekubatana kweH2O mamorekuru mu.europiumcomplexes inogona kukonzera luminescence quenching.Naizvozvo, kuti uwane kusarudzwa kuri nani uye kusiyanisa kwakasimba mukuratidzwa kweminwe, kuedza kunofanirwa kuitwa kudzidza maitiro ekuvandudza kupisa uye kugadzikana kwemuchina.europiumcomplexes.
Muna 2007, boka rekutsvagisa raLiu L ndiro raive piyona wekusumaeuropiumcomplexes mumunda wefingerprint kuratidza kekutanga kumba nekune dzimwe nyika.Iyo yakanyanya fluorescent uye yakareruka yakagadzika Eu3 + simbi ion/sensitizer complexes yakabatwa ne sol gel nzira inogona kushandiswa kuona zvigunwe zvigunwe pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chekuita neforensic zvinhu, zvinosanganisira foil yegoridhe, girazi, plastiki, bepa rine ruvara uye mashizha egirinhi.Tsvagiridzo yekuongorora yakaunza maitiro ekugadzirira, UV/Vis spectra, fluorescence hunhu, uye zvigunwe zvekuisa mazita ezvitsva Eu3+/OP/TEOS nanocomposites.
Muna 2014, Seung Jin Ryu et al.yakatanga kuumba Eu3+complex ([EuCl2 (Phen) 2 (H2O) 2] Cl · H2O) nehexahydrateeuropium chloride(EuCl3 · 6H2O) uye 1-10 phenanthropine (Phen).Kuburikidza neiyo ion exchange reaction pakati pe interlayer sodium ions uyeeuropiumyakaoma ions, intercalated nano hybrid compounds (Eu (Phen) 2) 3+ - synthesized lithium sipo dombo uye Eu (Phen) 2) 3+ - natural montmorillonite) yakawanikwa.Pasi pekunakidzwa kwemwenje weUV pane wavelength ye312nm, iwo maviri macomplexes haangochengete hunhu hwefotoluminescence phenomena, asiwo ane yakanyanya kupisa, kemikari, uye kugadzikana kwemagetsi zvichienzaniswa neEu3 + yakaoma. senge iron iri mumuviri mukuru welithium soapstone, [Eu (Phen) 2] 3+- lithium soapstone ine luminescence iri nani kupfuura [Eu (Phen) 2] 3+- montmorillonite, uye chigunwe chinoratidza mitsetse yakajeka uye yakasimba kusiyana ne kumashure.Muna 2016, V Sharma et al.synthesized strontium aluminate (SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+) nano fluorescent poda uchishandisa nzira yekupisa.Hupfu hwakakodzera kuratidzwa kwezvinyoro uye zvekare zvigunwe zvigunwe pazvinhu zvinopinda uye zvisingapindike senge bepa rakajairwa neruvara, bepa rekurongedza, aluminium foil, uye optical discs.Iyo haingoratidzi kunzwisiswa kwepamusoro uye kusarudza, asiwo ine yakasimba uye inogara kwenguva refu afterglow maitiro.Muna 2018, Wang et al.yakagadzirira CaS nanoparticles (ESM-CaS-NP) yakagadzirwa neeuropium, samarium, uye manganese ane avhareji dhayamita ye30nm.Iyo nanoparticles yakavharwa neamphiphilic ligands, ichivabvumira kuti vaparadzwe zvakafanana mumvura pasina kurasikirwa kwavo kwefluorescence;Co kugadziridzwa kweESM-CaS-NP pamusoro ne 1-dodecylthiol uye 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (Arg-DT)/ MUA@ESM-CaS NPs yakabudirira kugadzirisa dambudziko rekudzima kwefluorescence mumvura uye particle aggregation inokonzerwa neparticle hydrolysis mu nano fluorescent. upfu.Iyi fluorescent poda haingoratidzi zvigunwe zvingangoitika pazvinhu zvakaita sealuminium foil, mapurasitiki, girazi, uye mataira eceramic ane kunzwisiswa kwakanyanya, asi zvakare ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekunakidzwa kwemwenje masosi uye haidi inodhura dhizaini yekubvisa mifananidzo kuratidza zvigunwe. gore rimwe chetero, boka rekutsvagisa raWang rakagadzira nhevedzano yeternaryeuropiumcomplexes [Eu (m-MA) 3 (o-Phen)] vachishandisa ortho, meta, uye p-methylbenzoic acid seyokutanga ligand uye ortho phenanthroline sechipiri ligand uchishandisa nzira yekunaya.Pasi pe245nm ultraviolet light irradiation, zvingangoita zvigunwe pazvinhu zvakaita semapurasitiki nezviratidzo zvinogona kuratidzwa zvakajeka.Muna 2019, Sung Jun Park et al.synthesized YBO3: Ln3+(Ln=Eu, Tb) phosphors kuburikidza ne solvothermal nzira, zvinobudirira kuvandudza zvinogona kuonekwa zvigunwe zvemunwe uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwemaitiro ekumashure.Muna 2020, Prabakaran et al.yakagadzira fluorescent Na [Eu (5,50 DMBP) (phen) 3] · Cl3/D-Dextrose composite, vachishandisa EuCl3 · 6H20 semutangiri.Na [Eu (5,5 '- DMBP) (phen) 3] Cl3 yakagadzirwa pachishandiswa Phen uye 5,5′ – DMBP kuburikidza nenzira inopisa yekunyungudutsa, uyezve Na [Eu (5,5 '- DMBP) (phen) 3] Cl3 uye D-Dextrose dzakashandiswa sechigadziro chekugadzira Na [Eu (5,50 DMBP) (phen) 3] · Cl3 kuburikidza ne-adsorption method.3/D-Dextrose yakaoma.Kuburikidza nemiedzo, musanganiswa unogona kuratidza zvakajeka mafingerprints pazvinhu zvakaita semabhodhoro epurasitiki, magirazi, uye mari yekuSouth Africa pasi pekunakidzwa kwe365nm chiedza chezuva kana ultraviolet chiedza, nekusiyana kwepamusoro uye kugadzikana kwefluorescence kuita.Muna 2021, Dan Zhang et al.zvakabudirira kugadzirwa uye kugadzira novel hexanuclear Eu3 + yakaoma Eu6 (PPA) 18CTP-TPY ine nzvimbo nhanhatu dzinosunga, ine yakanakisa fluorescence thermal kugadzikana (<50 ℃) uye inogona kushandiswa kuratidza zvigunwe.Zvakadaro, kumwezve kuedza kunodiwa kuona mhando dzayo dzevaenzi dzakakodzera.Muna 2022, L Brini et al.yakabudirira kugadzirwa Eu: Y2Sn2O7 fluorescent poda kuburikidza nekunaya kwemvura nzira uye kuenderera mberi nekurapa, iyo inogona kuratidza zvingangoita zvigunwe pamatanda uye zvinhu zvisingapindike. -shell mhando nanofluorescence zvinhu, izvo zvinogona kugadzira dzvuku fluorescence pasi pe254nm ultraviolet excitation uye inopenya yegirini fluorescence pasi pe980nm pedyo-infrared excitation, kuwana mbiri mbiri modhi yekuratidzira yezvingangoita zvigunwe pamuenzi.Iyo inogona kuratidzwa zvigunwe zvigunwe pazvinhu zvakaita semataira eceramic, mapepa epurasitiki, aruminiyamu alloys, RMB, uye mavara mavara bepa rinoratidza kunzwisiswa kwakanyanya, kusarudza, kusiyanisa, uye kuramba kwakasimba kukanganiswa kumashure.
4 Outlook
Mumakore achangopfuura, tsvakurudzo pamusororare pasi europiummacomplexes akwezva kutariswa kwakawanda, nekuda kweawo akanakisa optical uye magineti zvimiro senge yakakwira luminescence intensity, kuchena kwemavara epamusoro, hupenyu hurefu hwefluorescence, kunyura kwesimba rakakura uye mapundu ekuburitsa, uye nhongonya dzakatetepa.Nekudzika kwetsvakiridzo pazvinhu zvisingawanzo kugadzirwa pasi, mashandisirwo azvo munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana semwenje uye kuratidza, bioscience, kurima, mauto, zvemagetsi indasitiri yeruzivo, optical information transmission, fluorescence anti-yekunyepedzera, fluorescence kuonekwa, nezvimwewo zviri kuwedzera kupararira.The optical zvinhu zveeuropiummacomplexes akanaka, uye minda yavo yekushandisa iri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.Nekudaro, kushaikwa kwavo kwekugadzikana kwekupisa, zvimiro zvemuchina, uye kugadzirisika kunodzikamisa maitiro avo anoshanda.Kubva pazvino tsvagiridzo yemaonero, iko kushandiswa kutsvagisa kweiyo optical properties yeeuropiumcomplexes mumunda we forensic sainzi inofanira kunyanya kutarisisa pakuvandudza optical properties yeeuropiumyakaoma uye kugadzirisa matambudziko ezvimedu zvefluorescent zviri nyore kuunganidzwa munzvimbo dzine hunyoro, kuchengetedza kugadzikana uye neruminescence kushanda kweeuropiumcomplexes mune aqueous solutions.Mazuvano, kufambira mberi kwevanhu uye sainzi uye tekinoroji kwaisa pamberi pepamusoro zvinodiwa pakugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvitsva.Ichiri kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa, inofanirwawo kuenderana nehunhu hweakasiyana dhizaini uye mutengo wakaderera.Naizvozvo, wedzera tsvakiridzo paeuropiummacomplexes akakosha zvikuru mukusimudzira hupfumi hwepasi hweChina hwakapfuma uye kuvandudzwa kwesainzi yematsotsi uye tekinoroji.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-01-2023