Nhanganyaya kune Rare Nyika Indasitiri Indasitiri Technology
·Rare pasi inis isiri yeiyo simbi yechinhu, asi izwi rekudyidzana regumi nemashanu risingawanzo nyika zvinhu uyeytriumuyeScandium. Naizvozvo, iyo 17 isingawanzo nyika zvinhu uye makomputa avo akasiyana siyana vane akasiyana mashandisiro, kubva pamhoriyamu nekuchena kwe66% kusvika kune imwe chete pasi renzvimbo uyerisingawanzo nyika simbinekuchena kwe 99.9999%. Nekuwedzera kweanowirirana mishonga uye musanganiswa, pane zvisingaverengeki pasi zvinhu zvevhu zvinhu zvepasi. Saka,rare pasiTekinoroji zvakare yakasiyana kubva pamisiyano yeiyi 17 zvinhu. Nekudaro, nekuda kwechokwadi chekuti zvisingawanzo kuitika zvinhu zvinogona kukamurwa kuita cerium uyeytriumMapoka akavakirwa pamariro emaminerari, mugodhi, kunyudza, uye kupatsanurana maitiro evarume zvisingawanzoitika pasi hazvinyatsoenderana. Kutanga kubva pane yekutanga ore mining, nzira dzekuparadzanisa, inonyungudika nzira, nzira dzekutsamwa, uye maitiro ekuzvinatsa wevanhu wepasirese anozounzwa imwe neimwe.
Maminerl Kugadziriswa kweKashoma Nyika
Kugadzirisa kweminjeri ndeyekugadzirisa maitiro ekugadzirisa mumizara emuviri uye nemakemikari ari pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana, gadzirisa zvichaitika mune ore, bvisa zvakaipa zvakaipa, wozviparadzanisa nezvakakura zvinyadzo.
·Murare pasiores mineed pasirese, zvirimo zveRare Pasi OLIDSinongova mashoma muzana, uye vamwe vakatoderera. Kuitira kuti usangane nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira zvekunyemwerera,rare pasiMaminers akapatsanurwa kubva kune zvingangoita zvichaira uye zvimwe zvicherwa zvinobatsira kuburikidza nekunyepedzera asati awirwa, kuti awane pasi risingawanzo kusvika pasi iro rinogona kuita zvinodiwa nevanhu vasati vaita pasi. Anobatsirwa kwazvo Ears Ears anogamuchira nzira yerima, kazhinji inowedzerwa nemisangano yakawanda yegiravha uye yekuparadzaniswa kwemagireti kuti iite kuyerera kunoyerera.
The therare pasiDeposit muBaiyunebo mine muCarborate Rock Type yeSimbi Dollomite Mineromite, kuwedzera kuFluerocarbon Cerium Cerium Ore uye Monazi, kune zvakare akati wandeiNiobiumuyerare pasizvicherwa).
Iyo inobviswa ore inenge makumi matatu muzana are Basa reiyo inobatsira chirimwa ichizowedzeraFe2o3Kubva pa33% kusvika pane anopfuura 55%, tanga kugeda uye tanga kuchema uye kurongedza bhora bhora bracal, uye wobva wasarudza yekutanga simbi yekutarisa ye62-65% fe2o3 (simbi oxide) Uchishandisa cylindrical magneticapar nekuparadzaniswa. Maswera anoenderera mberi nekupatsanurwa uye nekuparadzaniswa kwemagireti kuti awane simbi yesimbi inotarisisa ine anopfuura makumi mana muzanaFe2o3(simbi oxide). Pasi pevhu inofumiswa muflotation foam, ine giredhi re 10-15%. Iyo fungidziro inogona kusarudzwa uchishandisa tafura yekubheja kuti igadzire coarte conse conse ine reo zvirimo zve30%. Mushure mekubviswa nemidziyo yekubudirira, pasirese yepasi inotarisisa nehuremo yezvinyorwa zvinopfuura makumi matanhatu muzana inogona kuwanikwa.
Nzira yekutsika yechidhori yevashoma pasi
·Rare pasiZvinhu zviri mumamiriro ezvinhu anowanzovapo zvinowanzorerwazve muchimiro chevanonetseka madhiri, fluorides, phosphate, oxides, kana sizi. Zvisingawanzo kuitika zvinhu zvinofanirwa kushandurwa kuita makomputa mumvura kana inorganic acids nekuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana kwekuparadzaniswa, kucheneswa, kucheneswa, kana calcination yekugadzira akasiyana akasanganiswarare pasimishonga yakadai seyakasanganiswa isingasviki pasi rose Maitiro aya anonzirare pasifungisisa kuora, inozivikanwawo seyekubata.
Kune dzimwe nzira dzakawanda dzekuita madhirirare pasiinokonzeresa, iyo inogona kuwiriranwa muzvikamu zvitatu: acid nzira, Alkali nzira, uye yekuora kweCOMPOPOTI. ACID DOCOMPOTION inogona kupatsanurwazve muHydrochloric Accomposition, Sulfutic acid Decomposition, uye hydrofluor acid yekuita basa. Kuora kwaAlkali kunogona kuwiriranwazve kuita sodium hydroxide kuora, sodium hydroxide inonyungudika, kana soda dzokurukuka nzira. Kuyerera kwakakodzera kunowanzo sarudzwa zvichienderana nemitemo yemhando yepamusoro, chirongwa chechigadzirwa, kuronga kwekupora kwezvinhu zvisingawanzoitika, kubatsirwa kwehutsanana hwezvekurarama kwezvakatipoteredza, uye huwandu hwezvakatipoteredza.
· Kunyangwe yakadzikamisa zvisingawanzo kuwanikwa, ivo havana kufumurwa muzvimedu zvakazvimirira nemitemo yemiindasitiri nekuda kwemugodhi wavo. Kusvika zvino, chete zvisingawanzo kuzvimiririraGermany, Selenium, uyereururiumDeposits akawanikwa, asi chiyero chemasaini hachina kukura kwazvo.
Kunyunguduka kwevanhu vepanyika vasingawanzo
· Izvo nzira mbiri dzerare pasiKunyemwerera, hydrometallurgy uye pyrometallurgy.
· Mufambiro wose wevanhu vepasi hydromerollurgy uye metsicemal metallurgy inonyanya kuderera uye solvent, sekusagadzikana kwechiitiko chevhu repasi pekutanga, kuparadzaniswa uye kuongororwa kweRare Pasi OLIDS. Nzira inowanzo shandiswa inoshandiswa organc solvent yekubvisa, iyo iri mamiriro ezvinhu epasirese ekuparadzaniswa kwemaindasitiri ekuparadzaniswa kwepasi asina kujairika. Iyo hydrometallurgy process yakaoma uye kuchena kwechigadzirwa kwakakwira. Iyi nzira ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa mukugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakapera.
Iyo pyrometallurgical maitiro iri nyore uye ine yakanyanya kubereka.Rare pasipyrometallurgy kunyanya inosanganisira kugadzirwa kwezvisingawanzo zvepasi reseneSilicothermic kuderedza nzira, kugadzirwa kwevanhu vasi pasi simbi kana kuwirirana neyakajairika masterrolysis nzira, uye kugadzirwa kwezvisingawanzo zvepasi resenesimbi yekudzora masimbi yekudzikisa nzira etc.
Hunhu hwakajairika hwePyrometallurgy riri kugadzirwa pasi pemamiriro ekunze ekushisa.
Risingawanzo kugadzirwa kwepasi maitiro
·Rare pasicarbonate uyeRare Pasi Chloridendiyo maviri makuru ekutanga zvigadzirwa murare pasiindasitiri. Kazhinji, pane parizvino parizvino mainini maitiro ekugadzira izvi zvigadzirwa zviviri. Imwe nzira ndiyo yakaiswa sulfutic acid yekubaya mikana, uye imwe nzira inonzi caustic soda maitiro, yakajeka seye caustic soda maitiro.
· Pamwe chete nekuvepo mune dzakasiyana siyana pasi rinowanzoitika zvicherwa, chikamu chakakosha chezvisingawanzo zvepasi zvinhuMune zvakasikwa kugara pamwe neApatite uye phosphate Rock zvicherwa. Iyo yakazara matura epasi phosphate ore inenge zviuru zvemabhiriyoni zana emabhiriyoni, neavharejirare pasiZvemukati zve 0.5 ‰. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti huwandu hwese hwerare pasiyakabatana ne phosphate ore munyika ndeye mamirioni makumi mashanu ematani. Mukupindura kune hunhu hwekudererarare pasiZvemukati uye zvakakosha zvinoitika mumigodhi, maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekudzora akafunda ese ari maviri uye epasi rose, ayo anogona kukamurwa nenzira dzakanyorova uye dzekuvaraidza. Nenzira dzakanyorova, dzinogona kukamurwa kuita nitric acid nzira, hydrochloric acid nzira, uye sulfutic acid nzira zvichienderana neyakaipisisa yekuora accucosition acids. Pane nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekupora nyika kubva kuPhosphorus makemikari maitiro, zvese zvine hukama nenzira dzekugadzirisa nzira dze phosphate ore. Panguva yekugadzira maitiro ekugadzira, iyorare pasiRate kupora inogona kusvika makumi matanhatu muzana.
Nekuenderera mberi kwekushandiswa kwehosphate rock zviwanikwa uye kusimuka kwakananga kukudzvanywa kweiyo lowphate Rock phethts phosphator phossion indasitiri yefonizvisingawanzo zvepasi zvinhuMuSulfutic Acid Wet Process phosphoric acid yave yekutsvaga hotspot. Mukugadzira maitiro eSulfutic Access Wet Proces phetiphoric acid, maitiro ekudzora kupfupika kwepasiromi kuti abvise zvisingaite
Rare Pasi Kubvisa Maitiro
Sulfutic acid solubility
CeriumBoka (insoluble muSulfate yakaoma Salts) -Lanthanum, cerium, Praseodymiyo, neodymiumuye promethium;
TerbiumBoka (zvishoma zvinyoro-nyoro mu sulfate yakaoma saltts) -Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium, terbium, Dysprosium, uyeHolmium;
YtriumBoka (rakanyungudika muSulfate rakaoma runyararo) -ytrium, erbium, thumi, ytterbium,lutetium, uyeScandium.
Kupatsanurwa Kuparadzanisa
Chiedzarare pasi(P204 isina kusimba acidity Exction) -Lanthanum,cerium, Praseodymiyo,neodymiumuye promethium;
Pakati Ranga Rare Pasi (P204 Yakadzika Acidity Exction) -Samarium,Europium,Gadolinium,terbium,Dysprosium;
Nhanganyaya yekubvisa maitiro
Mukuita kwekuparadzanisazvisingawanzo kuitika zvinhu,Nekuda kwezvinhu zvakawandisa zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari zvezvinhu 17 zvinhu, pamwe nekuwanda kwekutungamira kwekutadza mukatizvisingawanzo zvepasi zvinhu, maitiro ekutsamwa ari kuomarara uye anowanzoshandiswa.
Kune matatu marudzi emhando yekubvisa: nhanho-ne-nhanho nzira, Ion kuchinjana, uye solvent kubviswa.
Nhanho-ne-nhanho nzira
Iyo nzira yekuparadzanisa uye kucheneswa uchishandisa mutsauko mukusarudzika kwemakomputa mune solvent inodaidzwa kuti nhanho-ne-nhanho nzira. Kubvaytrium(Y) kusvikalutetium(Lu), kupatsanurana kamwechete pakati pezvese zvakasikwa kuitikazvisingawanzo zvepasi zvinhu, kusanganisira Radium yakawanikwa neye curie vaviri,
Ivo vese vakaparadzaniswa vachishandisa nzira iyi. Maitiro ekushanda enzira iyi akanyanyisa kuoma, uye kupatsanurana kamwe chete kwezvese zvinhu zvevanhu zvinhu zvakatora makore anopfuura zana, nekuparadzanisa kumwe uye kudzokorodza kusvika kune makumi maviri emakore. Yevashandi vemakemikari, basa ravo
Simba rakakwirira uye maitiro acho akaomarara. Naizvozvo, kushandisa nzira iyi haigone kuburitsa imwe nzvimbo isingawanzo kuve yakawandisa huwandu.
Ion kuchinjana
Basa rekutsvagisa pane zvisingawanzo kuitika zvinhu zvepasi zvakadzikiswa nekusakwanisa kuburitsa imwerisingawanzo nyikaMuhuwandu hukuru kuburikidza nedanho-nhanho nzira. Kuti uongororezvisingawanzo zvepasi zvinhuzvirimo muNuclear Fission Zvigadzirwa uye bvisa zvisingawanzoitika pasi zvinhu kubva kuRanium uye Thori Setsanyography (Ion exchangergraphy) yakabudirira kudzidza, iyo yakashandiswa pakuparadzaniswa kwerisingawanzo nyikas. Iko mukana weIion exchange nzira ndeyekuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kupatsanurwa mukushanda kumwe. Uye inogona zvakare kuwana zvigadzirwa zvakakwirira-zvakanyanyisa. Nekudaro, kusawiririsa ndiko kuti hakugone kuongororwa nguva dzose, neyakagara ichishanda kutenderera uye yakakwira mutengo wekuchengetedza zvakare uye kuchinjana. Naizvozvo, izvi kamwechete nzira huru yekuparadzanisa huwandu hwakawanda hwevanhu vepasi pevhu rave kutorwa kubva munzira huru yekuparadzanisa uye yakatsiviwa neiyo solvent yekubvisa nzira. Nekudaro, nekuda kwehunhu hwakatanhamara hwaion exchangeraphy mukuwana yakakwirira-yekuchenesa zvinhu zvepasi, zvakakodzera kuti ushandise Ion exchange chromato kupatsanuka uye kubereka chigadzirwa chevhu.
Solvent Exction
Nzira yekushandisa organic sol sol sol contract uye inoparadzanisa chinhu chinobviswa kubva kune chinokonzerwa nemhedzisiro yemamiriro ekunze inonzi organci mvura-mvura yekubvisa, yakajeka seyinoronga sol. Icho chiitiko chevanhu chinotamisa chinoshatisa zvinhu kubva kune imwe yemvura chikamu kune imwe. Iyo solvent yekubvisa nzira yakaiswa pakutanga muPetrochemical, Organic Chemistry, mishonga yemishonga, uye ongororo yemakemikari. Nekudaro, mumakore makumi mana apfuura, nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kweAatomi Simba reAtom uye tekinoroji, pamwe nekudyira zvisingawanzo kufambira mberi mumaindasitiri akadai seyako nyukireya yehunhu hwemafuta. China yakawana yakakwira mwero wekutsvaga mufundo yekubvisa, iyo synthesis uye kushandiswa kweiyo nyowani, uye maitiro ekurwadzisa ekuratidzira kwepasi rekuparadzaniswa kwepasi. Kuenzaniswa nenzira dzekuparadzaniswa dzakadai seyakapatsanuka Naizvozvo, zvishoma nezvishoma ive nzira huru yekuparadzanisa yakawanda yerare pasis.
Chinhu chisingawanzo kucheneswa
Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvigadzirwa
Risingawanzo nyika simbizvinowanzo kupatsanurwa mukusanganiswa hausi wepasi renyika simbi uye singlerisingawanzo nyika simbi. Kuumbwa kwekusanganiswarisingawanzo nyika simbiZvakafanana neyekutanga nzvimbo yepasi yepasi muOre, uye simbi imwechete isimbi yakaparadzaniswa uye inonatswa kubva kune imwe neimwe nyika. Zvakaoma kuderedzaRare Pasi OLIDEs (kunze kweiyo oxides ofSamarium,Europium,, thumi,ytterbium. Naizvozvo, izvo zvinowanzoshandiswa zvishandiso zvekugadzira zvekugadzirwa kwerisingawanzo nyika simbiMazuva ano mbiru dzadzo uye fluorides.
Yakaumbwa munyu yemagetsi
Kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwekusanganiswarisingawanzo nyika simbiMune indasitiri kazhinji inoshandisa iyo yakaumbwa yemunyu maElectrolysis nzira. Kune nzira mbiri dzekusarudza magetsi: chloride electrolysis uye oxide electrolysis. Iyo yekugadzirira nzira yeimwerisingawanzo nyika simbiinosiyana zvichienderana nechinhu.Samarium,Europium,,thumi,ytterbiumhazvina kukodzera kugadzirira kweElectrolytic nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwavo kukuru, uye panzvimbo pezvo zvakagadzirirwa kushandisa kudzikisira nzira yekudzikisa. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kugadzirirwa nemagetsi kana simbi yekudzora maitiro ekudzikisa.
Chloride Electrolysis inonyanya kuzivikanwa nzira yekugadzira simbi, kunyanya yekuvhenganisa nyika isingasviki simbi. Maitiro acho ari nyore, anodhura-anoshanda, uye anoda mari shoma. Nekudaro, iyo hurukuro yakakura ndeyekusunungurwa kweClorine gasi, iyo inosvibisa nharaunda. Oxide electrolysis haisunungure magasi anokuvadza, asi mutengo wakakwira zvishoma. Kazhinji, yakakwira mutengo usina kuroorazvisingawanzo zvepanyikazvakaita seneodymiumuyePraseodymiyovanogadzirwa vachishandisa oxide electrolysis.
Iyo vacuum kuderedza Electrolysis nzira kunogona kungogadzirira General Industrial Giredhirisingawanzo nyika simbi. Kugadzirirarisingawanzo nyika simbiNekusvibiswa kwakaderera uye kuchena kwakanyanya, vacuum thermal kuderedza nzira inowanzo shandiswa. Iyi nzira inogona kuburitsa ese asina kujairika pasi simbi, asiSamarium,Europium,,thumi,ytterbiumhaigone kugadzirwa uchishandisa iyi nzira. Iyo redox inogonaSamarium,Europium,,thumi,ytterbiumuye calcium chete zvishoma kuderedzarare pasiFroride. Kazhinji, kugadzirira kweaya masimbi anoenderana nemitemo yekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro kweaya mitezo yeaya mitezo uye yakaderera vapor kumanikidzwa kwelanthanamu simbis. Nzombe idzi inazvisingawanzo zvepanyikavakasanganiswa nezvimedu zvelanthanamu simbis uye yakamanikidzwa mumabhawa, uye yakaderedzwa mune iyo vacuum choto.Lanthanamuinonyanya kushanda, nepoSamarium,Europium,,thumi,ytterbiumvanoderedzwa kusvika mugoridhe naLanthanumuye inounganidzwa pane yekubvumirana, ichiita kuti zvive nyore kuparadzana nekusa slag.
Kutumira Nguva: Nov-07-2023