Nhanganyaya kune Rare Earth Indasitiri Technology
·Rare pasi is kwete chinhu chesimbi, asi izwi rekubatana re15 zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi uyeyttriumuyescandium.Naizvozvo, 17 zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi uye zviumbwa zvawo zvakasiyana-siyana zvine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana, kubva kuma chlorides ane kuchena kwe46% kusvika kune imwechete isingawanzo oxide yepasi uye.rare earth metalsnekuchena kwe99.9999%.Nekuwedzerwa kwemakomisheni ane hukama uye musanganiswa, kune zvisingaverengeki zvisingaverengeki zvigadzirwa zvepasi.Saka,rare pasitekinoroji zvakare yakasiyana zvichienderana nekusiyana kwezvinhu izvi gumi nenomwe.Nekudaro, nekuda kwekuti zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi zvinogona kukamurwa kuita cerium uyeyttriummapoka anoenderana nemaitiro emaminerari, migodhi, kunyungudutswa, uye kupatsanurwa kwezvicherwa zvepasi zvisingawanzoitiki zvakare zvakabatana.Kutanga kubva pakucherwa kweore kwekutanga, nzira dzekuparadzanisa, nzira dzekunyungudutsa, nzira dzekubvisa, uye nzira dzekuchenesa dzepasi dzisingawanzo huchaunzwa imwe neimwe.
Mineral processing yerare earths
·Mineral processing inzira yekugadzira mechanic inoshandisa mutsauko wenyama nemakemikari zvivakwa pakati pezvicherwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoumba ore, inoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekubatsira, maitiro, uye michina kupfumisa zvicherwa zvinobatsira muore, kubvisa tsvina inokuvadza, uye kuzviparadzanisa. kubva kune gangue minerals.
·Murare pasiores inocherwa pasi rose, zviri mukatizvisingawanzo pasi oxidesinongova zvikamu zvishoma kubva muzana, uye zvimwe zvakatoderera.Kuti uwane zvinodiwa zvekugadzira zvekunyungudutsa,rare pasizvicherwa zvakapatsanurwa kubva gangue zvicherwa uye mamwe anobatsira zvicherwa kuburikidza beneficiation asati kunyungudutswa, kuitira kuwedzera zviri isingawanzowanikwi pasi oxides uye kuwana isingawanzowanikwi ivhu concentrates kuti anogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa isingawanzowanikwi pasi metallurgy.Kubatsirwa kweasingawanzo matombo epasi kunowanzo tora nzira yekuyangarara, kazhinji inowedzerwa neakawanda musanganiswa wegiravhiti uye kupatsanurwa kwemagineti kuti igadzire kuyerera kwekubatsira.
Therare pasidhipoziti muMigodhi yeBaiyunebo muInner Mongolia ndeye carbonate rock type deposit ye iron dolomite, inonyanya kuumbwa neare rare earth minerals in iron ore (kuwedzera kune fluorocarbon cerium ore uye monazite, kune zvakare akati wandei.niobiumuyerare pasizvicherwa).
Ore yakabviswa ine inenge 30% iron uye inenge 5% isingawanzoitiki pasi oxides.Mushure mekupwanya ore huru mumugodhi, inotakurwa nechitima kuenda kune beneficiation plant yeBaotou Iron and Steel Group Company.Basa rebeneficiation plant nderekuwedzeraFe2O3kubva pa33% kusvika pamusoro pe55%, kutanga kukuya nekugaya pachigayo checonical ball, uyezve kusarudza yekutanga iron concentrate ye62-65% Fe2O3 (iron oxide) uchishandisa cylindrical magnetic separator.Miswe inoramba ichiyerera uye kupatsanurwa kwemagineti kuti iwane yechipiri iron concentrate ine inodarika 45%Fe2O3(iron oxide).Rare pasi rakafumiswa muflotation foam, ine giredhi re10-15%.Iyo yekutarisa inogona kusarudzwa uchishandisa tafura inodedera kuburitsa coarse concentrate ine REO yemukati ye30%.Mushure mekugadziridzwazve nemidziyo yekubatsirikana, pasi isingawanzo kutarisisa ine REO yemukati inopfuura 60% inogona kuwanikwa.
Kuora nzira yerare earth concentrate
·Rare pasizvinhu zviri muconcentrate zvinowanzovapo muchimiro cheinsoluble carbonates, fluorides, phosphates, oxides, kana silicates.Zvisizvo zvepasi zvinhu zvinofanirwa kushandurwa kuita makomisheni anonyungudika mumvura kana inorganic acids kuburikidza neakasiyana makemikari shanduko, uye zvobva zvaitwa senge kunyungudika, kupatsanurwa, kucheneswa, kuisa pfungwa, kana kuverengera kugadzira akasiyana akasanganiswa.rare pasimakomisheni akadai seakasanganiswa isingawanzo chlorides epasi, anogona kushandiswa sezvigadzirwa kana mbishi zvinhu zvekupatsanura imwechete isingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi.Iyi nzira inodaidzwarare pasiconcentrate decomposition, inozivikanwawo se pre-treatment.
·Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuorarare pasiinotarisisa, iyo inogona kazhinji kukamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: acid nzira, alkali nzira, uye chlorination kuora.Kuora kweasidhi kunogona kukamurwazve kuita hydrochloric acid decomposition, sulfuric acid decomposition, uye hydrofluoric acid decomposition.Kuora kwealkali kunogona kukamurwazve kuita sodium hydroxide decomposition, sodium hydroxide kunyungudika, kana nzira dzekugocha pasoda.Kuyerera kwakakodzera kwemaitiro kunowanzo kusarudzwa zvichibva pamisimboti yerudzi rwekutarisisa, giredhi maitiro, chirongwa chechigadzirwa, nyore kudzoreredza uye kushandiswa kwakazara kwezvinhu zvisiri zvisingawanzo zvepasi zvinhu, kubatsirwa kwehutsanana hwevashandi nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye hungwaru hwehupfumi.
·Kunyangwe mazana maviri asingawanzo uye akaparadzirwa zvicherwa zvakawanikwa, hazvina kupfumiswa mumadhipoziti akazvimirira ane migodhi yemaindasitiri nekuda kwekushaikwa kwawo.Kusvika ikozvino, chete kashoma kuzvimiririragermanium, selenium,uyetelluriummadhipoziti akawanikwa, asi chiyero chemaricho hachina kunyanya kukura.
Kunyunguduka kwepasi risingawanzoitiki
·Pane nzira mbiri dzekuitarare pasikunyunguduka, hydrometallurgy uye pyrometallurgy.
·Kuitwa kwese kwepasi risingawanzo hydrometallurgy uye simbi kemikari simbi inonyanya mukugadzirisa uye inonyungudutsa, sekuora kwerare pasi concentrate, kupatsanurwa uye kubviswa kwezvisingawanzo pasi oxides, makomisheni, uye imwe isingawanzo simbi yepasi, iyo inoshandisa makemikari kupatsanurwa maitiro akadai semvura, crystallization, oxidation-kuderedza, kunyungudutsa, uye ion exchange.Nzira inonyanya kushandiswa ndeye organic solvent extraction, inova nzira yepasirese yekuparadzanisa kwemaindasitiri kwepamusoro-kuchena imwechete isingawanzo pasi zvinhu.Iyo hydrometallurgy process yakaoma uye kuchena kwechigadzirwa kwakakwira.Iyi nzira ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa mukugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa.
Iyo pyrometallurgical process iri nyore uye ine yakakwira chibereko.Rare pasipyrometallurgy inonyanya kusanganisira kugadzirwa kwerare earth alloysne silicothermic kuderedza nzira, kugadzirwa kwesimbi isingawanzo simbi kana alloys neyakanyungudutswa munyu electrolysis nzira, uye kugadzirwa kwerare earth alloysnenzira yesimbi yekudzikisa kupisa nezvimwe.
Chimiro chakajairika che pyrometallurgy kugadzirwa pasi pemamiriro ekushisa akanyanya.
Rare earth production process
·Rare pasicarbonate uyerare earth chloridendiwo maviri makuru ekutanga zvigadzirwa murare pasiindustry.Kazhinji kutaura, parizvino pane maviri maitiro makuru ekugadzira zvigadzirwa zviviri izvi.Imwe nzira ndeye concentrated sulfuric acid roasting process, uye imwe nzira inonzi caustic soda process, yakapfupikiswa se caustic soda process.
·Pamusoro pekuvepo mune dzakasiyana siyana zvisingawanzo zvicherwa zvepasi, chikamu chakakosha chezvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasimuzvisikwa zvinogara pamwe neapatite uye phosphate rock zvicherwa.Nzvimbo dzakachengetwa dzepasi rose phosphate ore dzinenge zana remabhiriyoni ematani, neavharejirare pasizvemukati 0.5 ‰.Inofungidzirwa kuti mari yose yerare pasiyakabatana nephosphate ore munyika inosvika mamiriyoni makumi mashanu ematani.Mukupindura kune maitiro epasirare pasizvemukati uye chiitiko chakakosha chimiro mumigodhi, nzira dzakasiyana dzekudzoreredza dzakadzidzwa zvese zvemukati uye zvepasirese, izvo zvinogona kukamurwa kuva nyoro uye kupisa nzira.Mune nzira dzakanyorova, dzinogona kukamurwa kuita nitric acid nzira, hydrochloric acid nzira, uye sulfuric acid nzira zvinoenderana neakasiyana decomposition acids.Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudzoreredza zvisingawanzo pasi kubva kune phosphorus kemikari maitiro, ese ane hukama zvakanyanya nemaitiro ekugadzirisa phosphate ore.Munguva yekugadzirwa kwemafuta, iyorare pasichiyero chekudzorera chinogona kusvika 60%.
Nekuenderera mberi kwekushandisa phosphate rock zviwanikwa uye kusimuka kuenda kukuvandudzwa kwedombo remhando yakaderera, iyo sulfuric acid wet process phosphoric acid process yave nzira huru muindasitiri yemakemikari yephosphate, uye kudzoreredzazvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasimu sulfuric acid wet process phosphoric acid yave nzvimbo yekutsvagisa.Mukugadzira sulfuric acid wet process phosphoric acid, maitiro ekudzora kupfumiswa kwepasi risingawanzo mu phosphoric acid uyezve kushandisa organic solvent kudhirowa kunotora pasi isingawanzo kune zvakawanda zvakanakira kupfuura nzira dzekutanga dzakagadzirwa.
Rare earth extraction process
Sulfuric acid solubility
Ceriumboka (isina kunyungudika mu sulfate yakaoma munyu) -lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, uye promethium;
Terbiumboka (rinonyungudika zvishoma mu sulfate yakaoma munyu) -samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium,uyeholmium;
Yttriumboka (rinonyungudika mu sulfate yakaoma munyu) -yttrium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium,lutetium,uyescandium.
Kubvisa kuparadzaniswa
Chiedzarare pasi(P204 isina simba acidity kutorwa) -lanthanum,cerium, praseodymium,neodymium, uye promethium;
Pakati isingawanzo pasi (P204 yakaderera acidity kutorwa) -samarium,europium,gadolinium,terbium,dysprosium;
Nhanganyaya yeKubvisa Maitiro
Mukuparadzanazvisingawanzi zvinhu zvepasi,nekuda kwezvakanyanya kufanana zvemuviri uye makemikari zvimiro zve 17 zvinhu, pamwe nekuwanda kwehutsvina hunoperekedzazvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi, nzira yekubvisa yakaoma uye inowanzoshandiswa.
Kune marudzi matatu emaitiro ekubvisa: nhanho-ne-nhanho nzira, ion exchange, uye solvent extract.
Nhanho-nhanho nzira
Nzira yekuparadzanisa uye kuchenesa uchishandisa mutsauko mukunyungudika kwemakemikari muzvinonyungudutsa inonzi nhanho-nhanho nzira.Kubvayttrium(Y) kutilutetium(Lu), kupatsanurwa kumwe chete pakati pezvose zvinongoitikazvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi, kusanganisira radium yakawanikwa nevaviri veCurie,
Vese vakapatsanurwa vachishandisa nzira iyi.Nzira yekushanda yeiyi nzira yakaoma, uye kupatsanurwa kumwe chete kwezvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvepasi zvakatora makore anopfuura 100, nekuparadzanisa kumwe uye kushanda kwakadzokororwa kunosvika ka20000.Kune vashandi vemakemikari, basa ravo
Simba racho rinenge rakakwirira uye maitiro acho akaoma.Nokudaro, kushandisa nzira iyi hakugoni kubudisa pasi rimwechete risingawanzoitiki muhuwandu hukuru.
Ion kuchinjana
Basa rekutsvagisa pazvinhu zvisingawanzo pasi rakakanganiswa nekusakwanisa kugadzira rimwe cheterare earth elementmuhuwandu hukuru kuburikidza nenhanho-ne-nhanho nzira.Kuti uongororezvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasiiri muzvigadzirwa zvenyukireya fission uye kubvisa zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi kubva muuranium uye thorium, ion exchange chromatography (ion exchange chromatography) yakadzidzwa zvakabudirira, iyo yakabva yashandiswa kupatsanurarare earth elements.Chakanakira nzira yekuchinjanisa ion ndechekuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kupatsanurwa mukushanda kumwe.Uye inogona zvakare kuwana yakakwirira-kuchena zvigadzirwa.Zvisinei, iyo yakashata ndeyokuti haigoni kugadziriswa nguva dzose, neine nguva yakareba yekushanda uye mari yakakwirira yekuvandudza resin uye kuchinjana.Nokudaro, iyi kamwechete nzira huru yekuparadzanisa yakawanda yepasi isingawanzove yakaregererwa kubva kune nzira yekuparadzanisa yakawanda uye yakatsiviwa nekugadzirisa nzira yekubvisa.Nekudaro, nekuda kwehunhu hwakatanhamara hweiyo ion exchange chromatography mukuwana yakakwirira-kuchena imwechete isingawanzo kugadzirwa zvigadzirwa zvepasi, parizvino, kuitira kugadzira ekupedzisira-yakanyanya kuchena zvigadzirwa uye kuparadzanisa zvimwe zvinorema zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi, zvinodikanwa zvakare kushandisa ion exchange chromatography. kuparadzanisa uye kugadzira chigadzirwa chepasi chisingawanzoitiki.
Solvent extract
Nzira yekushandisa organic solvents kubvisa uye kuparadzanisa chinhu chakabviswa kubva kune immiscible aqueous solution inonzi organic solvent liquid-liquid extraction, yakapfupikiswa semushonga wekunyungudutsa.Iyi inzira yekutamisa zvinhu kubva pachikamu chemvura kuenda pane chimwe.Iyo yekunyungudutsa yekubvisa nzira yakashandiswa kare mu petrochemical, organic chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, uye analytical chemistry.Nekudaro, mumakore makumi mana apfuura, nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kweatomic simba sainzi uye tekinoroji, pamwe nekudiwa kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zveultrapure uye zvisingawanzo zvinhu, kudhirowa kwesolvent kwakafambira mberi zvikuru mumaindasitiri akadai seindasitiri yemafuta enyukireya uye isingawanzo simbi. .China yakawana yakakwira mwero wekutsvagisa mune yekubvisa dzidziso, iyo synthesis uye mashandisirwo ezvitsva zvinotora, uye nzira yekubvisa yekuparadzaniswa kwepasi chinhu.Kuenzaniswa nemaitiro ekuparadzanisa akadai sekunaya kwegiredhi, graded crystallization, uye ion exchange, solvent extraction ine nhevedzano yezvakanakira seyakanaka kupatsanurwa maitiro, yakakura kugadzirwa kugona, nyore kukurumidza uye kuenderera kugadzirwa, uye nyore kuwana otomatiki kutonga.Nokudaro, zvishoma nezvishoma yakava nzira huru yekuparadzanisa huwandu hwakawanda hwerare pasis.
Kashoma kucheneswa kwepasi
Kugadzira mbishi zvinhu
Rare earth metalsanowanzo kupatsanurwa musanganiswa isingawanzo simbi dzepasi uye imwe cheterare earth metals.Kuumbwa kwekusanganiswarare earth metalsyakafanana neyakagadzirwa nyika isingawanzo mumatombo, uye simbi imwe chete isimbi yakaparadzaniswa nekunatswa kubva kune imwe neimwe pasi isingawanzo.Zvakaoma kuderedzarare earth oxides (kunze kwemaokisi esamarium,europium,, thulium,ytterbium) musimbi imwe chete uchishandisa nzira dzakawanda dzesimbi, nekuda kwekupisa kwavo kwekuumbwa uye kugadzikana kwakanyanya.Naizvozvo, izvo zvinowanzoshandiswa mbishi kugadzirwa kwerare earth metalsmazuva ano ma chlorides avo uye fluorides.
Yakanyungudutswa munyu electrolysis
Kugadzirwa kwehuwandu hwekusanganiswarare earth metalsmuindasitiri kazhinji inoshandisa yakanyungudutswa munyu electrolysis nzira.Pane nzira mbiri dze electrolysis: chloride electrolysis uye oxide electrolysis.Nzira yekugadzirira imwe cheterare earth metalsinosiyana zvichienderana nechinhu.samarium,europium,,thulium,ytterbiumhazvina kukodzera kugadzirira kwe electrolytic nekuda kwehutsi hwepamusoro, uye panzvimbo pacho dzakagadzirirwa uchishandisa nzira yekuderedza distillation.Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kugadzirwa ne electrolysis kana simbi yekuderedza kupisa nzira.
Chloride electrolysis ndiyo nzira yakajairika yekugadzira simbi, kunyanya kune yakasanganiswa isingawanzo simbi dzepasi.Iyo nzira iri nyore, inodhura-inoshanda, uye inoda mari shoma.Zvisinei, chikuru chinokanganisa kusunungurwa kwegesi yeklorini, iyo inosvibisa nharaunda.Oxide electrolysis haiburitse magasi anokuvadza, asi mutengo wakakwira zvishoma.Kazhinji, high priced singlerare earthszvakaita seneodymiumuyepraseodymiuminogadzirwa uchishandisa oxide electrolysis.
Iyo vacuum yekudzikisa electrolysis nzira inogona chete kugadzirira general maindasitiri giredhirare earth metals.Kugadzirirarare earth metalsine tsvina yakaderera uye kuchena kwepamusoro, vacuum yekudzikisa kupisa nzira inowanzoshandiswa.Iyi nzira inogona kuburitsa ese asina kujairika pasi simbi, asisamarium,europium,,thulium,ytterbiumhaigone kugadzirwa pachishandiswa nzira iyi.Iko redox kugona kwesamarium,europium,,thulium,ytterbiumuye calcium inoderedza zvishomarare pasifluoride.Kazhinji, kugadzirira kwesimbi idzi kunoenderana nemisimboti yehutsi hwepamusoro hwemasimbi aya uye yakaderera mhute yekumanikidza.lanthanum simbis.Maokisi ezvina izvirare earthszvinosanganiswa nezvimedu zvelanthanum simbis uye yakadzvanywa kuita mabhuraki, uye yakaderedzwa muvira revacuum.Lanthanumari kunyanya kushanda, aposamarium,europium,,thulium,ytterbiumzvinoderedzwa kuita goridhe nelanthanumuye yakaunganidzwa pane condensation, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuparadzanisa kubva kune slag.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-07-2023