Zvisingawanzo zvepanyika,Inozivikanwa se "pfuma trove" yezvitsva zvekushandisa, sechinhu chakakosha zvinoshanda, zvinogona kuvandudza kunaka uye kuita zvimwe zvigadzirwa, uye zvinozivikanwa se "mavitamin" endasitiri razvino. Ivo havana kungo shandiswa kwazvo mumashanduri ezviyo senge metallurgy, petrochemicals, girazi rekurima, zvimisikidzwa, zvine simba zvekumhanya uye nekuvandudzwa kwekusimudzira maindasitiri akakwirira-tech. Zviridzwa, zvemagetsi, erispace, uye indasitiri yenyukireya. Aya matongero akashandiswa zvinobudirira muhunyanzvi hwemauto, kusimudzira zvikuru kukura kwehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano.
Basa rakakosha rakatamba narare pasiZvigadzirwa zvitsva muhunyanzvi hwemazuva ano zvakakwezva zvakanyanya kubva kuhurumende uye nyanzvi dzenyika dzakasiyana siyana, dzakadai sekunyorwa sechinhu chakakosha mukuvandudza maindasitiri ezvivakwa uye tekinoroji emauto nenyika dzakakodzera dzenyika dzakadai seUnited States neJapan.
Nhungamiro pfupiRare pasis uye hukama hwavo neuto nehondo dzenyika
Kunyatsotaura, zvinhu zvese zvepasi zvevanowanzoita zvine zvimwe zvekushandisa zvechiuto, asi basa rakaoma kwazvo ravanotamba mukudzivirira kwenyika uye mauto anofanirwa kunge vari mukushandisa senge laser.
Kushandiswa kwerare pasisimbi uyerare pasiDuctle Simbi muMazvino Mauto Tekinoroji
1.1 Kushandiswa kweRare pasiSimbi mune yemazuva ano tekinoroji
Basa racho rinosanganisira zvikamu zviviri: kunatswa uye kufararira, kufararira, kugumburwa kwetsiva nekukasira, kukanganisa chikamu chesimbi, uye kuvandudza kuomarara kwayo uye kuchinjika uye kuchinjika. Mauto Science uye Technology Vashandi vakagadzira zvakawanda zvisingawanzogadzirwa pasi zvinhu zvakakodzera kushandiswa mune zvombo nekuishandisa zvivakwa zverare pasi.
1.1.1 Armor Steel
Pakutanga sekutanga kwema1960s indasitiri yeChina yakatanga kutsvagurudzo yekushandiswa kwevanoregera zvepasi rose mune armor Steel uye pfuti simbi, uye kutevedzana kugadzirwarare pasiArmor Steel yakadai sa 601, 603, uye 623, kushandisa mune itsva nguva yekiyi yeakanaka zvigadzirwa zvekugadzirwa kwetangi muChina yakavakirwa padzimba.
1.1.2Rare pasicarbon simbi
Pakati pama1960s, China yakawedzerwa 0.05%rare pasizvinhu kune imwe yakakwirira-mhando carbon yebhokisi kugadzirarare pasicarbon simbi. Iko kuwanda kwekukanganisa kukosha kweiyi nyika pasi kunowedzera ne 70% kusvika 100% kuenzaniswa neyekutanga carbon simbi, uye kukosha kweiyo AT -40】 yakapetwa kaviri. Iyo yakakura-dhayamita cartridge kesi yakagadzirwa neiyi simbi yakaratidzwa kuburikidza nekupfura bvunzo mukupfura huwandu hwekupfura kuti usangane zvizere zvehunyanzvi zvinodiwa nehunyanzvi. Parizvino, China yapera uye ichiisa mugadzirwa, zera kwenguva refu-yakamira zvishuvo zvekutsiva mhangura nesimbi muCartridge zvinyorwa.
1.1.3 Rare Pasi Pasi High Manganese Steel uye Rare Pasi Pasi Rakakwirisa Simbi
Rare pasiyakakwira manganse simbi inoshandiswa kugadzira tangi tangi track track, neporare pasiKanda simbi inoshandiswa kugadzira muswe mapapiro, mabhureki emuzzle, uye zvigadzirwa zvemukati zvemukati zvezvikamu zvepamusoro-sholl kubaya mapfumo. Izvi zvinogona kuderedza matanho ekugadzirisa, kuvandudza simbi yekushandisa, uye kuzadzisa zvinongedzo uye zvehunyanzvi zviratidzo.
1.2 Kushandiswa kweKashoma Nyika Nodular Cast Iron muStuolom Yazvino Mauto
Munguva yakapfuura, China's Mberi Chamber Professile zvinhu zvakagadzirwa neSemid cast iron yakagadzirwa neyemhando yepamusoro yeNguruva yakasanganiswa ne30% kusvika 40% scrap simbi. Nekuda kwesimba rayo rakaderera, rakakwirira brittleness, rakaderera uye risingaoneki uye kusava nekuputika mushure mekuputika, uye kushaya simba kuuraya simba, kukura kwemberi kwekamuri miviri yekamuri yakamborambidzwa. Kubva muna 1963, maCaliers akasiyana-siyana emota Iyo yekurwa yerudzi rweimwe mhando yeCannon shell uye munda pfuti yakagadzirwa nezvinhu izvi munyika yedu ine nhamba iri nani yekukanganisika uye dense kuuraya radius pane iyo simbi simbi.
Kushandiswa kweasina-feruszvisingawanzo zvepasi reses akadai seMagnesium uye aluminium muStual tempical tekinoroji
Zvisingawanzo zvepanyikavane yakakwirira kemikari chiitiko uye hombe atomic radii. Kana zvakawedzerwa kune vasina-ferrous simbi uye vafare, vanogona kudzivisa saizi, bvisa gasi, nekuchenesa chimiro chesimbi, nekukwana zvinangwa zvevhu, zvivakwa zvemuviri, uye kuita kwemuviri, uye kugadzirisa. Vashandi vepamba uye vekunze vekunze vakashandisa zvivakwa zvezvisingawanzo zvepanyikaKukudziridza Nyowanirare pasiMagnesium Alloys, Aluminium Alloys, Titanium Alloys, uye yakakwirira-tembiricha alloys. Zvigadzirwa izvi zvakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumatongi emazuva ano seyemajeti ekurwisa
2.1Rare pasiMagnesium Alloy
Rare pasiMagnesium Alloys ane yakakwira chaiyo simba, inogona kuderedza uremu hwenyeti, kugadzirisa maitiro anonhuwirira, uye uve netarisiro huru yekushandisa. The therare pasiMagnesium Alloys akagadziridzwa neChina Aviation Industry Corporation (Heanofter inotaurwa seVic) inosanganisira makiredhi mashiripiti uye yakaremara magnesium Alloys, mazhinji ayo akashandiswa mukugadzirwa uye ane hunhu hwakagadzikana. Semuenzaniso, ZM 6 Katanga Magnesium Alloy neKashoma Nyika Metal Meders yakawedzera kuwedzerwa muHelicopter Srabs, uye Rotrer Wing Mbiri dzekudzvinyirira, uye Rotor Tungamira mahwendefa ezvipuranga makumi matatu emateti. Iyo Rare Pasi Pasi-Simba Magnesium Alloy BM15 YEMAHARA YAKAITWA CORPERIS YAKASHURE YEMAHARA YEMAHARA ALuminium Alloys uye yakaiswa mukukanganisa ndege.
2.2Rare pasiTitanium Alloy
Mukutanga kwema1970s, iyo Beijing Institute yezvinhu zveAeronautical (inotaurwa nezvinhu) yakatsiva imwe aluminium uye silicon neRare Pasi Pasi Metal cerium (Ce) Mu ti-a1-mo titanium aganiys Pahwaro uhwu, pakakwirira-perform cast-tembiricha titanium Alloy zt3 ine cerium yakagadzirwa. Kuenzaniswa nemawere okunze okunze, ane zvimwe zvakanakira kupesana nekupisa, simba, uye kuita basa. Iyo compressor yakagadzirwa yakagadzirwa nayo inoshandiswa iyo wi3 ii injini, kuderedza uremu hwese ndege ne 39 kg uye kuwedzera iyo yekukanda kune uremu huwandu ne1,5%. Uye zvakare, matanho ekugadzirisa anoderedzwa ne30%, anowana zvakakosha zvehunyanzvi uye ehupfumi uye achizadza mushonga wekushandisa titanium casings eginiation injini muChina pasi pe500 ℃ mamiriro ezvinhu pasi pe500 Tsvagurudzo yakaratidza kuti pane vadikicerium oxidezvidimbu muzvigadzirwa zveZT3 Alloy anecerium.CeriumInosanganisa chikamu cheokisijeni mune iyo alloy kuti igadzire iyo Refractor uye yakakwirira kuomararaRare Pasi OLIDEzvinhu, CE2O3. Izvi zvimisangano zvinokanganisa kufamba kwekuvimbika panguva yekushomeka kwehukama, kuvandudza mashandiro ekushisa kweiyo alloy.CeriumInobata kumwe kusvibiswa kwegasi (kunyanya pamiganhu yezviyo), iyo inogona kusimbisa iyo alloy ichiramba yakanakira kugadzikana. Uku ndiko kuedza kwekutanga kushandisa dzidziso yezviitiko zvakaoma kugadzirisa point inosimbisa mukukanda titanium aganium aganium. Mukuwedzera, mushure memakore ekutsvagisa, iyo Aviation Toury Institute yakagadziriswa uye isingadhuriYttrium oxidejecha uye poda zvinhu mune titanium aganiy solid procision kukanda maitiro, uchishandisa yakakosha mineralization kurapwa tekinoroji. Iyo yakawana zviyero zvakanaka mune chaiyo gravity, kuomesa, uye kugadzikana kune titanium mvura. Panyaya yekugadzirisa uye kudzora mashandiro eganda slurry, yakaratidza ukuru hukuru. Iyo yakasarudzika mukana wekushandisa Yttrrium oxll kuti gadzira titanium castings Parizvino, maitiro aya akashandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwendege dzakasiyana-siyana, injini, uye hukama hwevanhu.
2.3Rare pasiAluminium Alloy
Iyo HZl20 Izvo zvino zvinoshandiswa seyamadziro yekudzvinyirira yeHelicops uye kurwisa jets ine tembiricha yekudziya ye 300】, kutsiva simbi uye titanium aganium alloys. Yakaderedzwa kurongedza uremu uye yakaiswa mukugadzirwa kukuru. Simba resimba rerare pasiAluminium Silicon Hypereutectic ZL117 Alloy pa200-200】 yakakwira kupfuura iyo yeWest German Piston Allon KS280 uye KS282. Kupfeka kwayo kupokana ne 4-5 nguva yakakwira kupfuura iyo yekuwanzoshandiswa piston allon allon zl10y zl10s Iyo yakashandiswa muAviation accessories ky-5, ky-7 mhepo compompors uye zvekushandisa modhi injini mapinji. Kuwedzera kwerare pasiZvinhu zveAluminium Alloys zvakanyanyisa zvinovandudza microgramu uye mechanical zvivakwa. Mashini ekuita kwezvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika muAluminium Alloys nderokugadzira kuparadzirwa kuparadzirwa, uye zvidiki Aluminium compounds tamba chinzvimbo chakakosha mukusimbisa chikamu chechipiri; Kuwedzera kwerare pasiZvinhu Zvinoita Kuti Basa Rinoita Mukutonga uye Kuchenesa, nekudaro kuderedza huwandu hwemapures mune alloy uye nekuvandudza mashandiro ayo;Rare pasiAluminium compound, sezvo heterownousous cry nucei kuti anyore zviyo uye eutectic zvikamu, zvakare rudzi rwemidiwa; Zvisingawanzo kuitika zvinhu zvinosimudzira kuumbwa uye kunatsiridzwa yesimbi kupfuma zvikamu, kuderedza kukanganisa kwavo kunokuvadza. α- iyo yakasimba mhinduro huwandu hwesimbi muA1 inoderera nekuwedzera kwerare pasiKuwedzera, iyo zvakare inobatsirawo pakuvandudza simba uye kupurasitiki.
Kushandiswa kwerare pasiZvinosvibisa zvinhu mukushandisa kwemazuva ano tekinoroji
3.1 yakachenarisingawanzo nyika simbi
Yakachenarisingawanzo nyika simbi, nekuda kwezvivakwa zvavo zvinoshanda zvemakemikari, zvinowanzoita neokisijeni, Sarufa, uye nitrogen kuti iite mafomu akagadzikana. Paunenge uchiiswa mukukakavara kukuru uye kukanganisa, spark kunogona kukanganisa zvinhu zvinopisa. Naizvozvo, kutanga kwa198, kwakaitwa mudhiramu. Yakawanikwa kuti pakati pemakore gumi nematanhaturare pasizvinhu, zvinhu zvitanhatu zvinosanganisiracerium, Lanthanum, neodymium, Praseodymiyo, Samarium, uyeytriumvane kunyanya zvakanaka ARON kuita. Vanhu vakatsausa iyo Arson Properties ye rare nyika simbimumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvombo zvisingaori, senge US Mark 82 227 KG Missile, InoshandisaRare Pasi Pasi MetalKuchemera, iyo isingabudisi chete kuputika kuuraya mhedzisiro asiwo arson mhedzisiro. Mhepo yeAmerica Static kuputika bvunzo dzakaratidza kuti kugona kwayo kuRighti Afiation Fuel ndeye 44% yakakwirira kupfuura iyo yevasina kutaurwa.
3.2 YakasanganiswaRare Pasi Pasi Metals
Nekuda kwemutengo wakakwira weakachenarisingawanzo nyika simbi,Nyika dzakasiyana siyana dzinoshandisa zvisingaite chisingadhuri compositeRare Pasi Pasi Metals mune zvombo zvombo. Iyo compositeRare Pasi Pasi MetalMumiriri weConstine akaiswa muhurumende yesimbi pasi pekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro, neyemumiriri wekuremerwa kwe (1.9 ~ 2.1) × 103) Mushure mekuroverwa, iyo nguva yeiyo incandiescent muviri kupisa kupfuura maminitsi mashanu. Munguva yehondo yeVietnam, mauto eUS yakatanga 40mm iscendie isingacheki ichishandisa launcher, uye kusimuka kwemukati memoyo yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakavhenganiswa yepasi. Mushure mekuputika kweProjecsile kuputika, chidimbu chimwe nechimwe chine litring liner chinogona kukanganisa chinangwa. Panguva iyoyo, kugadzirwa kwemwedzi pamwedzi kwebhomba kwasvika 200000 mataundi, neakakura makumi maviri neshanu emakumi maviri nematanhatu.
3.3Rare pasiConvustion Alloys
Arare pasiKuvhiringidzika kweiyo Alloy Gum0 G inogona kuumba 200-3000 Spark ine nzvimbo yakakura yekuvhara, iyo yakaenzana nekuuraya radius yekubaya neArmor inobaya. Naizvozvo, kuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo yezvakawanda zvemitambo ine simba remo razova imwe yemafambiro makuru ekuvandudza amburition kumba uye kunze kwenyika. Kune mauto anoboora uye anobaya midziyo yekubaya Kune ma grenades, zvinodikanwa kuti udzivise zvinhu zvehondo uye zvivakwa zvine hunyanzvi mukati mekuuraya kwavo. Zvinonzi purasitiki yepurasitiki yeSimbi Incendiali yakagadzirwa muUnited States ine Muviri Yakagadzirwa neFiberglass Yakasimbiswa NYlon Alloy Alloy Alloy Core, iyo inoshandiswa kuve nemhedzisiro inokonzeresa kubva kune zvigadziko zvine migariro zvine humbowo mafuta uye zvakafanana zvinhu.
Application ye4Rare pasiZvigadzirwa mukudzivirira kwemauto uye tekinoroji yenyukireya
4.1 Kushandisa Muchiuto chechiute
Zvisingawanzo kuitika zvinhu zvine radiation inodzivirira zvivakwa. Iyo National Center yeNetron Croned zvikamu muUnited States yakashandiswa Polymer zvinhu seSublymer zvinhu seyakaenzana nemahwendefa egumi mm ane kana pasina kuwedzerwa kwezvinhu zvisingawanzoitika pasi rekuchengetedza radiation yekudzivirirwa. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti iyo inopisa neutrone yekuchengetedza mhedzisiro yerare pasiPolymer zvinhu ndeye 5-6 times zvirinani pane iyo yerare pasiyemahara polymer zvinhu. Izvo zvisingawanzogadzirwa zvepasi zvevhu zvine zvinhu zvakawedzerwa zvakadai seSamarium, Europium, Gadolinium, Dysprosium. Parizvino, mainini ekushandisa zvinhu zvisingawanzo kurwisa radiation zvinhu muTekinoroji yehondo inosanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu.
4.1.1 Nyukireya radiation siriving
Iyo United States inoshandisa 1% BONG uye 5% Rare Pasi ElamentsGadolinium, Samarium, uyeLanthanumKuita 600M mudenga redhile radiation inodzivirira kongiri yekudzivirira yekuchengetedza nereinces neutron zvinyorwa mukushambira. France yakagadzira chisingawanzo chengetedzwa kwepasi reddiation zvinyorwa nekuwedzera makorona,rare pasimakomputa, kanazvisingawanzo zvepasi resekugiraira sekutsiva. Diller yeiyi inosimbisa zvinhu zvinodikanwa kuti igovaniswe uye yakagadzirwa munzvimbo dzakasarudzika, dzinoiswa kutenderedza nzira yekunetseka maererano nezvinodiwa zvezvikamu zvekuchengetera.
4.1.2 TANK ATRERMAL Radiation Shoeling
Iyo ine zvikamu zvina zvemuterevere, zvine ukuru hwakazara hwe5-20 cm. Denderedzwa rekutanga rakagadzirwa negirazi fiber rakasimbiswa purasitiki, neInorganic poda yakawedzerwa ne2%rare pasimakomputa sevhata kuti avharire neutrons uye kutora zvinyoro nyoro neutrons; Iyo yechipiri neyechitatu yakawedzera Boron graphite, polystyrene, uye zvisingawanzo zvepasi zvinhu zvegumi zvegumi profer huwandu kune iyo yekutanga yekuvhara simba uye gadzira thermal neutrons; Iyo yechina layer inoshandisa graphite pachinzvimbo chegirazi fiber, uye inowedzera 25%rare pasicompounds yekubvisa iyo thermal neutrons.
4.1.3 Vamwe
Kushandisarare pasiMatangi ehondo yean anti
4.2 Chikumbiro muNyukireya Technology
Rare pasiYttrium oxideInogona kushandiswa seyakawisirwa inoronga yeranium mafuta mune yekubika mvura inogadzirisa (BWRS). Pakati pezvese zvinhu,Gadoliniumine simba rakasimba rekutora neutrons, neanenge 4600 zvinangwa paatomu. Chimwe nechimwe chisikwaGadoliniumatomu inobata avhareji ye4 neutrons pamberi pekukundikana. Kana ichisanganiswa neakapihwa uranium,Gadoliniuminogona kusimudzira kurumidza, kudzikisa Uranum kushandiswa, uye kuwedzera simba rekubuda.Gadolinium oxideHaaburitiri inokuvadza neBeerium Deerium Size seBoron Carbide, uye inogona kuwirirana neyuranium mafuta uye yayo yekubatanidza zvinhu panguva yekuita nyukireya. Mukana wekushandisaGadoliniumpanzvimbo yeBonon ndizvozvoGadoliniuminogona kusanganiswa zvakananga neuranium kudzivirira nyukireya mafuta tsvimbo yekuwedzera. Sekureva kwehuwandu, pane izvozvi 149 vakaronga maAxlear Entile Pasi rese, pane iyo 115 yemvura yakamanikidzwa kushandisa inoshandisa nyikaGadolinium oxide. Rare pasiSamarium, Europium, uyeDysprosiumyakashandiswa seNetron inobata muNetron Breebers.Rare pasi ytriumine chidiki chidiki chekutakura-chikamu muNutrons uye chinogona kushandiswa seyepombi yezvinyorwa zvekunyauswa munyu? Matangi Matina Akawedzerarare pasi GadoliniumuyeDysprosiuminogona kushandiswa seNetron munda wekuona muAerospace uye nyukireya indasitiri yeinjiniya, zvidiki zverare pasithumiuyeerbiuminogona kushandiswa sechinangwa chekutarisa kune chisimbiso cheTube neutron jenarators, uyeRare Pasi OLIDEEUREpuum iron simbi ceramics inogona kushandiswa kuti iite yakavandudzwa yekudzora kudzora matureti.Rare pasiGadoliniuminogona zvakare kushandiswa seyakawedzera inowedzera kudzivirira neutrone radiation, uye mota dzakarongedzwa dzakabatanidzwa nemakonzo akakosha aneGadolinium oxideinogona kudzivirira neutrar radiation.Rare pasi ytterbiuminoshandiswa mumidziyo yekuyera iyo geostress inokonzerwa neyepasi pevhu kuputika kwenyaya. Rinizvisingawanzoita vearhytterbiuminoiswa simba, kupokana kunowedzera, uye shanduko yekupokana inogona kushandiswa kuverenga kudzvinyirirwa kunoiswa pasi. Kubatanidzarare pasi GadoliniumFoil yakaiswa neVapor deposition uye yakadzikama kuunganidzwa neinonetsekana kushushikana chinhu kunogona kushandiswa kuyera kushushikana kwepamusoro nyukireya.
5, kushandiswa kweRare pasiZvisingagumi maglet zvinhu muzvinhu zvemazuva ano tekinoroji
The therare pasiZvekusingaperi Magnet zvinhu, akarumbidzwa sechizvarwa chitsva chamambo madzishe, ikozvino anozivikanwa seyakanyanya kutaridzika kuita kwemagineti zvachose. Iyo ine inopfuura zana nguva yakakwira magineti masheni kupfuura iyo magineti simbi inoshandiswa mumidziyo yemauto muma1970s. Parizvino, zvave zvinhu zvakakosha mukukurukurirana kwemazuva ano zvemagetsi tekinoroji, zvinoshandiswa mukufamba kwema tubs uye vanotenderera munzvimbo dzekunze dzeSatellite, Radars, uye mamwe minda. Naizvozvo, zvine kukosha kwechiuto kwakakosha.
SamariumCobalt magnets uye neodymium iron boron magnets anoshandiswa kune elektron Beam achitarisa muMissile inotungamira masisitimu. Magneti ndiwo mainini ekutarisa midziyo yemagetsi matanda uye kuendesa data kune iyo control pamusoro peiyo missile. Kune anenge makirogiramu mashanu kusvika mashanu Pamusoro pe,rare pasiMagneti anoshandiswawo kutyaira motors motors uye rinotenderera ruzha rwekutungamirirwa zvombo. Zvakanakira zvavo vanorara mumhando yavo yakasimba yemagineti uye yakareruka uremu tichienzaniswa neyekutanga aluminium kicbal cobal magnets.
6 .Application yeRare pasiLaser zvinhu mukushandisa kwemazuva ano tekinoroji
Laser ndiyo mhando nyowani yechiedza sosi ine yakanaka monochromaticity, kutungamira, uye kuenderana, uye kunogona kuzadzisa kupenya kwakanyanya. Laser uyerare pasilaser zvinhu zvakazvarwa panguva imwe chete. Kusvika zvino, anenge 90% ye laser zvinhu zvinosanganisirazvisingawanzo zvepanyika. Semuyenzaniso,ytriumAluminium Garnet Crystal inoshandiswa zvakanyanya laser iyo inogona kuzadzisa inoenderera mberi yakakwira-simba kubuda mukamuri tembiricha. Iko kushandiswa kwesimba-nyika lasers mumauto emazuva ano kunosanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu.
6.1 laser kubva
The theneodymiumDIPEDytriumAluminium Garnet Laser Langerinder yakagadzirwa nenyika dzakadai seUnited States, Britain, France, uye Germany inogona kuyera madaro kusvika pamamita mazana maviri kusvika makumi maviri emamita mashanu. Zvombo masisitimu akadai seAmerican mi, yeGermany's Leopy's Leopy's Leflerc, Type yeJapan, uye yeBritish Yakatangwa Challenger 2 Tangi Yese Shandisa Rudzi urwu rweLaser Rangender. Parizvino, dzimwe nyika dziri kukudziridza chizvarwa chitsva cheLaser laserfinders yekuchengetedza ziso remaziso, neyakagadzirwa wavelength renzvimbo 1.5-2.1HolmiumDIPEDytriumLithium Fluoride lasers muUnited States neUnited Kingdom, ine anoshanda wavelength ye 2.06 μ m, inotanga kusvika 3000 m. United States yakabatana nemakambani epasi rese ekudzora erbium-erviumytriumLithium Fluoride laser neine wavelength ye1,73 μ m's laserfinder uye yakashongedzwa nemauto. Iyo laser wavelength yechiuto chechiuto rasfinder ndeye 1.06 μ m, inotanga kubva mazana maviri kusvika 7000 m. China inowana yakakosha data kubva kuLaser terevhizheni Theodolites mune tarisiro yehurongwa hwekuvhunduka kwemarobhoti marefu, mikanda, uye nekuedza kutaurirana satellites.
6.2 Laser nhungamiro
Laser akatungamirwa mabhomba anoshandisa lasers yekufambisa inotungamira. Iyo NDIYOG LASER, iyo inoburitsa madhiri emuvheni pane yechipiri, inoshandiswa kukuremekedza iyo chinangwa laser. Iyo pulses inosangana uye iyo mwenje inopenya inogona kuzvitungamira mhinduro yemasipi, nokudaro kudzivirira kupindira kubva kune missile kutanga uye zvipingamupinyi zvakaiswa muvengi. Mauto eUS-15 BGO BOMB, anozivikanwawo se "bhomba" debomba ". Saizvozvo, zvinogona zvakare kushandiswa kugadzira Laser yakatungamirwa mahebhu.
6.3 Laser kutaurirana
Mukuwedzera kune NDYIG, iyo Laser inobuda yeLithiumneodymiumPhosphate Crystal (lnp) yakagadziriswa uye iri nyore kunongedza, ichigadzira imwe yemari inovimbisa micro laver laver. Iyo yakakodzera seyakajeka sosi yeFiber Optical kutaurirana uye inotarisirwa kuiswa mukubatanidzwa kwezvinhu uye cosmic kutaurirana. Pamusoro pe,ytriumIron Garnet (Y3FE5O11) Crystal inogona kushandiswa seyakajairika maMagnetEt
7.Kunyorera kweRare pasiSuperContocting Zvigadzirwa muMitambo Yemauto Tekinoroji
Kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinoitika zvazvinoita kuramba zero pazasi peimwe tembiricha, inozivikanwa seSuperconulctivity, inova tembiricha yakaoma (TC). Superconductors mhando yemitambo yeiyo entjijinetmnettic zvinhu zvinodzikisira chero kuedza kushandisa munda wemagineti pazasi pekupisa kwakakosha, inozivikanwa seMaiisner. Kuwedzera zvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika kune Superconducting zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera kwazvo kupisa tembiricha tc. Izvi zvinosimudzira zvikuru kukura uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvekutanga. Muma1980s, nyika dzakasimukira nyika dzakadai seUnited States neJapan dzakawedzera huwandu hweRare Pasi OLIDEs akadaiLanthanum, ytrium,Europium, uyeerbiumkuenda kuLiarium Oxide uyeCopper oxideMakomputa, ayo aive akasanganiswa, akadzvanywa, uye akatadza kuumba mashekitirwo emhando yepamusoro, achigadzira mashandiro okushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwekutanga, kunyanya muzvikwata zvechiuto, zvakanyanya kuwanda.
7.1 Superconducting masisitariti akabatanidzwa
Mumakore achangopfuura, kutsvagisa kwekushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwemakomputa emakomputa emagetsi kwave kuitwa kunze kwenyika, uye masimba mashanduri akabatanidzwa akagadzirwa uchishandisa mashura ezvinongedzo zveCeramic. Kana iyi mhando yedunhu yakabatanidzwa inoshandiswa kugadzira makomputa ekugadzira, hazvizove zvidiki muhukuru, uye zvakare kuti ushandise, uye zvakarereka mapepa ekushandisa kusvika pamakumi matatu kusvika ku1 trillion nguva pane yechipiri. Naizvozvo, mauto eUS anofanotaura kuti kana makomputa ekumusoro angovezwa, ivo vachave "vanowanza" kushanda kweiyo c1 system muchiuto.
7.2 Superconducting magineti yekutsvaga tekinoroji
Magineti anonzwa zvikamu zvakagadzirwa neyekupusa ceramic zvinhu zvine vhoriyamu diki, ichiita kuti zvive nyore kuwana kuunganidzwa uye kurongeka. Ivo vanogona kuumba akawanda-chiteshi uye multi paramende ekuona masisitimu, anowedzera zvikuru nzvimbo yeyunivhesiti uye zvakanyanya kuvandudza kuongororwa kwekutarisa uye kururamisa kwemagineti. Iko kushandiswa kweSuperconding Magnetometers hakugone kungoongorora zvinangwa zvekufambisa zvakadai sematangi, mota, uye zvichitungamira kune zvakakosha mukudzvinyirira uye tekinoroji dzakadai seanti tangi uye anti submarine hondo.
Inonzi iyo US Navy yafunga kukudziridza kure kure satellite uchishandisa izvirare pasiZvinhu SuperContocting zvinhu kuratidza uye kugadzirisa zvekare kure kure kwekunzwa tekinoroji. Iyi Satellite inonzi Naval Pasi Pasi Wechiongorora yakaiswa muna 2000.
8.Application yeRare pasiHiant MagnetErsties Zvigadzirwa muMitambo Yemari Tekinoroji
Rare pasiHiant magneorstrigty zvinhu mhando itsva yezvinyorwa zvinoshanda zvichangobva kuitika mukupera kwe1980s kunze. Kunyanya kutaura kusingawanzo kuvhara simbi makomendi. Rudzi urwu rwezvinyorwa zvine hukuru hwemagineti kukosha kupfuura simbi, uye zvimwe zvekushandisa, uye zvimedu zvemaginhinha zvakakwirira kupfuura izvo zvemagineti mashamini, saka inonzi yakakura kana hombe magmetostial zvigadzirwa. Pakati pezvese zvinhu zvekutengeserana, Hare Pasi Pasi Great MagnetEtirstikey Zvigadzirwa zvine kukosha kwakanyanya uye simba pasi pekuita kwemuviri. Kunyanya nekubudirira kwekubudirira kweTernFenol-D MagnetOrsia Alloy, nguva itsva yemagineti zvinhu zvakavhurwa. Kana terfenol-d inoiswa mumunda wemaginhini, saizi yavo kusiyana yakakura kupfuura iyo yezvinhu zvakajairika zvemagineti, izvo zvinoita kuti mamwe maitiro ekunyora ekufambisa kuti agone kuwanikwa. Parizvino, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakasiyana-siyana, kubva kune mafuta masystem, Liquid control control, micro inokonzeresa michina yemakwenzi emasaini uye ndege dzekupenya. Iko kuvandudzwa kwenganeya-d kunyama tekinoroji kwakaitwa kufambira mberi muElectromekical tekinoroji tekinoroji. Uye yatoita basa rakakosha mukuvandudzwa kwekucheka-tsika tekinoroji, tekinoroji yemauto, uye zvidzidzo zvezviyo zvechinyakare. Iko kushandiswa kweKashoma Pasi MagnetEm magineti zvinhu mumauto emazuva ano zvinonyanya kusanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu:
8.1 sonar
Iyo General Emoission Offency yeSonar iri pamusoro pe2 KHz, asi yakaderera Sonar pazasi inova nezvakanaka, iyo madiki madiki anoparadzira, uye iyo isinganyanye kukanganisika pasi pemvura inochengetera. Soniars yakagadzirwa nenyaya dzeTerful-D inogona kuita zvinodiwa nesimba rakakwirira, diki, uye yakaderera frequency, saka vakawedzera nekukurumidza.
8.2 Magetsi emuchina machira
Inonyanya kushandiswa kune zvidiki zvidiki zvekudzora matanho - acterutorors. Kusanganisira kudzora kururamisa kusvika paNanometer Levp, pamwe neshanje magetsi, mabhureki, etc. inoshandiswa nemotokari dzemauto, ndege yemauto uye mauto, mauto, etc.
8.3 Sensors uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi
Senge muhomwe maginetiometes, sensors yekuona kudzingwa, simba, uye kukwidziridzwa, uye tunable kumusoro kwewcoustic wave midziyo. Iyo yekupedzisira inoshandiswa kune phase sensors mumigodhi, sonar, uye michina yekuchengetedza mumakomputa.
9. Zvimwe zvinhu
Zvimwe zvinhu zvakadai serare pasiLininenzinings,rare pasizvinhu zvekuchengetedza hydrogen, hazasi pasi rePasi Greant Magnetoresisisisisisisisation zvinhu,rare pasiMagnetic Fafiji zvinhu, uyerare pasiMagnets-Optical Kuchengetedza zvinhu zvese zvakabudirira kushandiswa muuto remazuva ano, kuvandudza kwazvo iwo mashandiro ekurwisa ekurwisa kwezvombo zvemazuva ano. Semuyenzaniso,rare pasiLininenzes zvinhu zvakabudirira kushandiswa zvinobudirira kune zvishandiso zvehusiku. Mumatinhi ehusiku magirazi, asingawanzo phamba phonyes inoshandura maficha (mwenje wechiedza) kuita magetsi emaburi madiki emukati microscope ndege, ichiratidzira uye inosunungura mamwe maelekitori. Vamwe vasingawanzo phamba padzidziso kumuswe muswe rinoshandura magetsi adzokere kuita mafoto, saka mufananidzo unogona kuonekwa neyekuona. Kuita uku kwakafanana neiyo yeTerevhizheni skrini, kupirare pasiFluorescent Poda inoburitsa imwe yeruvara rwemavara muhomwe. Iyo indasitiri yeAmerican inowanzo shandisa nontiobium pentoxide, asi yehusiku maonero ehusiku masisitimu kuti abudirire, chisingawanzoitika pasi panoLanthanumchinhu chakakosha. Muhondo yeGulf, mauto emarudzi mazhinji akashandisa aya ehusiku majeti ekuona zvinangwa zveiyo nguva yeIraq neNguva yeIraq zvakare, mukutsinhana kukunda kudiki.
10 .conclusion
Kuvandudzwa kwerare pasiindasitiri yakakurudzira zvinobudirira kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano, uye kuvandudza tekinoroji yemauto kwadzinga zvakabudirira kuvandudzwa kwerare pasiindasitiri. Ini ndinotenda kuti nekufambira mberi kwekukurumidza kwesainzi yepasi uye tekinoroji,rare pasiZvigadzirwa zvichatamba zvakawandisa mukuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano nemabasa avo akakosha, uye uuye nezvokumukurukurirana hupfumi uye hwakanakisa hwemagariro emagarirorare pasiinisitiri pachayo.
Kutumira Nguva: Nov-29-2023