Barium is alkaline earth metal element, yechitanhatu periodic element yeboka IIA mu periodic table, uye chinhu chinoshanda mu alkaline earth metal.
1, Content distribution
Barium, semamwe masimbi epasi ane alkaline, akagoverwa kwese kwese pasi: zviri mukati mepamusoro ganda 0.026%, nepo avhareji kukosha mucrust iri 0.022%.Barium inonyanya kuwanikwa mumhando ye barite, sulfate kana carbonate.
Iwo maminerari makuru e barium mune zvakasikwa ndeye barite (BaSO4) uye inooma (BaCO3).Barite deposits inoparadzirwa zvakanyanya, ine madhipoziti makuru muHunan, Guangxi, Shandong nedzimwe nzvimbo muChina.
2、 Nzvimbo yeApplication
1. Kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri
Inoshandiswa kugadzira munyu we barium, alloys, fireworks, nuclear reactors, etc. Iri zvakare deoxidizer yakanakisa yekunatsa mhangura.
Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mualloys, senge lead, calcium, magnesium, sodium, lithium, aluminium uye nickel.
Barium simbi inogona kushandiswa seanobvisa gasi mukubvisa trace gasi muvacuum chubhu nemachubhu emifananidzo, uye degassing agent yekunatsa simbi.
Barium nitrate yakasanganiswa ne potassium chlorate, magnesium poda uye rosin inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mabhomba echiratidzo uye fireworks.
Soluble barium compounds inowanzoshandiswa semishonga yezvipembenene, yakadai sebarium chloride, kudzora zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvirimwa.
Inogona zvakare kushandiswa kunatsa brine uye boiler mvura ye electrolytic caustic soda kugadzirwa.
Inoshandiswawo kugadzira pigments.Maindasitiri emucheka nematehwe anoshandiswa se mordant uye rayon matting agent.
2. Kushandiswa kwezvokurapa
Barium sulfate mushonga unobatsira pakuongorora X-ray.Ipfu chena isina kunhuwa uye kunhuwa, iyo inogona kupa kusiyana kwakanaka mumuviri panguva yekuongorora X-ray.Medical barium sulfate haina kunyura mudumbu remukati uye haina allergic reaction.Iyo haina soluble barium compounds senge barium chloride, barium sulfide uye barium carbonate.Inonyanya kushandiswa gastrointestinal radiography uye dzimwe nguva kune zvimwe zvinangwa.
3,Kugadzirira nzira
Muindasitiri, kugadzirira kwesimbi yebarium yakakamurwa kuita nhanho mbiri: kugadzirira kwebarium oxide uye kuderedzwa kwesimbi kupisa (aluminothermic reduction).
Pa1000 ~ 1200 ℃, maitiro maviri aya anogona kungoburitsa shoma shoma ye barium.Naizvozvo, pombi yevacuum inofanirwa kushandiswa kuramba ichiendesa barium vapor kubva kunzvimbo yekupindura kuenda kunzvimbo yekumisikidza kuitira kuti maitiro arambe achienderera kurudyi.Izvo zvakasara mushure mekuita zvine chepfu uye zvinogona kuraswa chete mushure mekurapwa.
4,Matanho ekuchengetedza
1. Ngozi dzoutano
Barium haisi chinhu chakakosha kuvanhu, asi chinhu chine chepfu.Kudya soluble barium compounds kunokonzera barium poisoning.Tichifunga kuti chiyero chehuremu hwemunhu mukuru ndeye 70kg, huwandu hwebarium mumuviri wake hunenge 16mg.Mushure mekutora barium munyu nekukanganisa, ichanyungudutswa nemvura uye mudumbu acid, izvo zvakakonzera zviitiko zvakawanda zvehupfu uye kumwe kufa.
Zviratidzo zveacute barium salt poisoning: barium salt poisoning inonyanya kuratidzwa segastrointestinal irritation uye hypokalemia syndrome, zvakadai sekusvotwa, kurutsa, kurwadziwa kwepamuviri, manyoka, quadriplegia, kubatanidzwa kwemyocardial, kufema kwetsandanyama mitezo, etc. Varwere vakadaro vanorasika nyore nyore nokuti vane zviratidzo zvepamuviri zvakadai sekurutsa, kurwadziwa kwepamuviri, manyoka, nezvimwewo, uye zviri nyore kuongororwa sechikafu chekudya munyaya yechirwere chekubatana, uye acute gastroenteritis munyaya yechirwere chimwe chete.
2. Kudzivirira njodzi
Leakage emergency treatment
Chengetedza nzvimbo ine hutachiona uye rambidza kupinda.Bvisa moto wemoto.Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vashandi vekurapa kwekukurumidzira vapfeke self-priming filter dust mask uye zvipfeko zvekudzivirira moto.Usabate iyo leakage zvakananga.Kudonha kudiki: dzivisa kusimudza huruva uye kuiunganidza mumudziyo wakaoma, wakachena uye wakavharwa nefoshoro yakachena.Kutamisa kudzokorora.Kuwanda kwekudonha: kufukidza nejira repurasitiki uye canvas kuderedza kubhururuka.Shandisa zvisiri-zvinopisa maturusi kutamisa uye kudzokorodza.
3. Matanho ekudzivirira
Dziviriro yekudzivirira system: Kazhinji, hapana kuchengetedzwa kwakakosha kunodiwa, asi zvinokurudzirwa kupfeka yega-priming sefa guruva mask pasi pemamiriro akakosha.
Dziviriro yeziso: pfeka magirazi ekuchengetedza makemikari.
Kudzivirirwa kwemuviri: pfeka zvipfeko zvinodzivirira zvemakemikari.
Kudzivirirwa kwemaoko: pfeka magirovhosi erabha.
Vamwe: Kusvuta kunorambidzwa panzvimbo yebasa.Ngwarira utsanana hwako.
5、 Kuchengeta uye chekufambisa
Chengetedza muimba yekuchengetera inotonhorera uye ine mhepo.Ramba kure nezvinobatidza nekupisa.Hunyoro hunyoro hunochengetwa pasi pe75%.Iyo pasuru ichavharwa uye haizosangana nemhepo.Inofanira kuchengetwa zvakasiyana kubva kune oxidants, acids, alkalis, nezvimwewo, uye haifaniri kusanganiswa.Kuputika-kuvheneka kwemwenje uye mhepo yekufefetera kuchagamuchirwa.Zvinorambidzwa kushandisa michina michina uye maturusi ari nyore kugadzira sparks.Nzvimbo yekuchengetera ichave yakashongedzerwa nezvinhu zvakakodzera kuti ive nekudonha.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-13-2023